POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by ZARA OAKES MS
POWERPOINT® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by ZARA OAKES, MS, The University of Texas at Austin UNIT 1 1 Introduction to Physiology HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings FOURTH EDITION
About this Chapter § Definition of physiology § Review of organ systems § Function and process § Introduction to homeostasis § Ideas in physiology § Themes in physiology § The science of physiology § Discussion of scientific literature Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Organization § Physiology defined § Study of the functions and processes of living organisms § Organization of life § The cell is the unit of life § Cells, tissues, organ systems, and organisms Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Organization Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -1
Organ Systems in Review § Integumentary § Musculoskeletal § Respiratory § Digestive § Reproductive and Urinary § Circulatory § Nervous and Endocrine § Immune Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ Systems in Review The integration between systems of the body Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -2
Function versus Process § Function explains the “why” § Teleological approach § Process or mechanism describes the “how” § Mechanistic approach § Red blood cell example Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis § Environmental balance § External § Internal § Cell § Intracellular fluid § Extracellular fluid Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis Relationships between an organism’s internal and external environments Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -3
Homeostasis and Controls § External or internal change § Physiological attempt to correct § Sensors, integrating center § Response of cells and organs § Loss of homeostasis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis and Controls § Successful compensation § Homeostasis reestablished § Failure to compensate § Pathophysiology § Illness § Death Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis and Controls Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -4
Current Thought in Physiology § Genomics to proteomics § The Human Genome Project § The Physiome Project § Challenges of an integrative science § Levels of organization § Multi-component systems § Emergent properties § Tools § Concept mapping Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Concept Mapping § Structure and function § Integration across § Cells, tissues, and organs § Flow charts § Follow process in sequence Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Concept Mapping: Types of Maps Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -5 a
Concept Mapping: Types of Maps Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -5 b
Themes in Physiology § Homeostasis and control systems § Biological energy § Structure-function relationships § Molecular interactions § Compartmentation § Mechanical properties § Communication Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Themes in Physiology A simple control system Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -6
Scientific Inquiry and Knowledge § Observation and experimentation § Hypothesis § Variables, controls, and data § Replication § Theories and models Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Experiments § Difficult to interpret results § Genetic variables § Placebo effect § Nocebo effect § Ethics Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Formats of Experimental Design § Crossover studies § Blind studies § Double-blind crossover studies Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Time Duration of Experiments § Longitudinal studies § Prospective studies § Cross-sectional studies § Retrospective studies § Meta-analysis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Representing Data Graphs: X- and Y-Axes Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -7 a
Representing Data Graphs: Bar Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -7 b
Representing Data Graphs: Histogram Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -7 c
Representing Data Graphs: Line and Interpolation Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -7 d
Representing Data Graphs: Scatter Plot and “Best Fit” Line Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 1 -7 e
Scientific Literature § Books § Journals § Peer-reviewed § Review articles § Internet § Google Scholar Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Summary § Organ systems § Structures and functions § Homeostatic balance § Integrative science § Four key themes § Experimental designs § Data representation § Scientific literature Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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