POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA MBA
POWERPOINT® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin UNIT 2 9 PART A The Central Nervous System HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings FOURTH EDITION
About this Chapter § Emergent properties of neural networks § Evolution of nervous system § Anatomy of the central nervous system § The spinal cord § The brain § Brain function Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 a
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 b
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 c
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 d
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 e
Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -1 f
The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -2 a
The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -2 b
The Embryonic Nervous System The neural tube specializes into the seven major regions of the nervous system Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -3 a
The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -3 b
The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -3 c
Anatomy: Gray and White Matter § Gray matter § Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies § Dendrites § Axon terminals § White matter § Myelinated axons § Contains very few cell bodies Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy: Bone and Connective Tissue § Brain is encased in bony skull or cranium § Spinal cord runs through vertebral column § Meninges lies between bone and tissues § Dura mater § Arachnoid membrane § Pia mater Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy: Meningeal Layers Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -4 b
Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -5 b
Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -5 c
Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -6 a
Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -6 b
Neural Tissue: Metabolic Needs § Oxygen § Passes freely across blood-brain barrier § Brain receives 15% of blood pumped by heart § Glucose § Brain responsible for about half of body’s glucose consumption § Membrane transporters move glucose from plasma into the brain interstitial fluid § Hypoglycemia leads to confusion, unconsciousness, and death Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Spinal Cord: Overview Central nervous system, posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -4 a
Spinal Cord: Anatomy Specialization in the spinal cord Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -7 a
Spinal Cord: Anatomy Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -7 b
Spinal Cord: Anatomy Propriospinal tracts remain within the cord Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -7 c (1 of 2)
Spinal Cord: Anatomy Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -7 c (2 of 2)
Spinal Cord: Integrating Center Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -8
Anatomy of the Brain Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -9 d
The Brain: The Brain Stem § 11 of 12 cranial nerves originate along brain stem § Vagus nerve is a mixed nerve § Many nuclei are associated with reticular formation § Medulla § Somatosensory and corticospinal tracts in white matter § Pyramids Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Brain: Cerebellum Lateral view of brain The cerebellum coordinates movement Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -9 b
The Brain: Diencephalon Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -10
The Brain: Hypothalamus Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mid-Sagittal View of Brain Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -9 c
Gray Matter of the Cerebrum Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -11
The Brain: The Limbic System § Emotion, memory, and learning Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9 -13
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