POWERPOINT LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA MBA
POWERPOINT® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin UNIT 1 5 PART A Membrane Dynamics HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings FOURTH EDITION
About this Chapter § Mass balance and homeostasis § Diffusion § Protein-mediated, vesicular, and transepithelial transport § Osmosis and tonicity § The resting membrane potential § Insulin secretion Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mass Balance in the Body Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -2
Mass Balance and Homeostasis § Clearance § Rate at which a molecule disappears from the body § Mass flow = concentration volume flow § Homeostasis equilibrium § Osmotic equilibrium § Chemical disequilibrium § Electrical disequilibrium Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Homeostasis Distribution of solutes in the body fluid compartments The compartments in the body are in a state of chemical disequilibrium Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -3 a
Homeostasis Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -3 b
Diffusion Map of membrane transport Membranes are selectively permeable Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -4
Diffusion: Seven Proprieties § Passive process § High concentration to low concentration § Net movement until concentration is equal § Rapid over short distances § Directly related to temperature § Inversely related to molecular size § In open system or across a partition Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Diffusion Fick’s law of diffusion Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -6
Membrane Proteins Function § Structural proteins § Enzymes § Membrane receptor proteins § Transporters § Channel proteins § Carrier proteins Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Membrane Transport Proteins Water channels and ion channels are examples of open channels Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -9 a
Membrane Transport Proteins Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -9 b
Gating of Channel Proteins Gated channels are either chemically gated or voltage -gated channels Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -11
Types of Carrier-Mediated Transport Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -12 a
Types of Carrier-Mediated Transport Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -12 b
Types of Carrier-Mediated Transport Carrier proteins never create a continuous passageway Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -12 c
Facilitated Diffusion of glucose into cell § How is the concentration gradient maintained for glucose? Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -15
Primary Active Transport Mechanism of the Na+-K+-ATPase ECF 1 ATP ADP 5 2 3 Na+ from ICF bind 2 K+ released into ICF Protein changes conformation. 4 2 K+ from ECF bind 3 P P ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATP. Protein changes conformation. + 3 K released into ICF P ATP is used as an energy source Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -17
Primary Active Transport ECF 1 3 Na+ from ICF bind ICF Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -17, step 1
Primary Active Transport ECF 1 ATP ADP 2 3 Na+ from ICF bind ICF P ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATP. Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -17, steps 1– 2
Primary Active Transport ECF 1 ATP ADP 2 3 Na+ from ICF bind ICF 3 P ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATP. Protein changes conformation. + 3 K released into ICF P Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -17, steps 1– 3
Primary Active Transport ECF 1 ATP ADP 2 3 Na+ from ICF bind 4 2 K+ from ECF bind ICF 3 P Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings P ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATP. Protein changes conformation. + 3 K released into ICF P Figure 5 -17, steps 1– 4
Primary Active Transport ECF 1 ATP ADP 5 2 3 Na+ from ICF bind 2 K+ released into ICF Protein changes conformation. 4 2 K+ from ECF bind 3 P Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings P ATPase is phosphorylated with Pi from ATP. Protein changes conformation. + 3 K released into ICF P Figure 5 -17, steps 1– 5
Secondary Active Transport Mechanism of the SGLT Transporter 1 Na+ binds to carrier. Lumen of intestine or kidney Na+ Intracellular fluid [Na+] high [Glucose] low [Na+] low [Glucose] high Na+ Glu SGLT protein Glu 2 Na+ binding creates a site for glucose. 3 Glucose binding changes carrier conformation. 4 Na+ released into cytosol. Glucose follows. Na+ Glu Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -18
Secondary Active Transport 1 Na+ binds to carrier. Lumen of intestine or kidney Na+ Glu [Na+] high [Glucose] low Intracellular fluid SGLT protein [Na+] low [Glucose] high Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -18, step 1
Secondary Active Transport 1 Na+ binds to carrier. Lumen of intestine or kidney Na+ Intracellular fluid SGLT protein Glu [Na+] high [Glucose] low 2 Na+ binding creates a site for glucose. [Na+] low [Glucose] high Na+ Glu Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -18, steps 1– 2
Secondary Active Transport Intracellular fluid SGLT protein Glu [Na+] high [Glucose] low 2 Na+ binding creates a site for glucose. 3 Glucose binding changes carrier conformation. Na+ Glu 1 Na+ binds to carrier. Lumen of intestine or kidney Na+ [Na+] low [Glucose] high Na+ Glu Uses the energy of one molecule moving down its concentration gradient Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -18, steps 1– 3
Secondary Active Transport 1 Na+ binds to carrier. Lumen of intestine or kidney Na+ Intracellular fluid [Na+] high [Glucose] low [Na+] low [Glucose] high Na+ Glu SGLT protein Glu 2 Na+ binding creates a site for glucose. 3 Glucose binding changes carrier conformation. 4 Na+ released into cytosol. Glucose follows. Na+ Glu Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5 -18, steps 1– 4
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