Power Point to accompany Essentials of Medical Language

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Power. Point to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2 e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 5:

Power. Point to accompany Essentials of Medical Language 2 e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 5: Muscles and Tendons The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Mc. Graw-Hill Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5. 1 Functions and Structure of Skeletal Muscle Mc. Graw-Hill

Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5. 1 Functions and Structure of Skeletal Muscle Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -2 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles and Tendons • Functions of Skeletal Muscle • Voluntary Muscle – Movement –

Muscles and Tendons • Functions of Skeletal Muscle • Voluntary Muscle – Movement – Posture – Body Heat – Respiration – Communication Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -3 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles and Tendons • Structure of Skeletal muscle • Striated muscle – Muscle fibers

Muscles and Tendons • Structure of Skeletal muscle • Striated muscle – Muscle fibers – Striations – Fascia – Hypertrophy – Atrophy Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -4 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disorders of Skeletal Muscle • • Mc. Graw-Hill Soreness Cramps Strains Fibromyalgia Myasthenia Gravis

Disorders of Skeletal Muscle • • Mc. Graw-Hill Soreness Cramps Strains Fibromyalgia Myasthenia Gravis Muscular Dystrophy Rhabdomyolysis 5 -5 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Lesson 5. 2 • Muscles and Tendons of the Shoulder Girdle and

• Lesson 5. 2 • Muscles and Tendons of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -6 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Shoulder Girdle • Pectoral Girdle – Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton • Rotator

Shoulder Girdle • Pectoral Girdle – Attaches upper limb to axial skeleton • Rotator Cuff – Four muscles originate on scpula – Fuse to form large tendon (rotator cuff) – Inserts into humerus – Holds ball of humerus in scapula socket – Tears with overuse Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -7 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Upper Arm and Elbow Joint • Muscles connect upper arm to shoulder girdle, vertebral

Upper Arm and Elbow Joint • Muscles connect upper arm to shoulder girdle, vertebral column, and ribs – Anterior • Deltoid, pectoralis major – Posterior • Latissimus Dorsi Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -8 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Elbow Joint and Forearm • Muscles to move elbow joint and forearm – Anteriorly

Elbow Joint and Forearm • Muscles to move elbow joint and forearm – Anteriorly • Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis – Posteriorly • Triceps brachii Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -9 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tendon Disorders • Tennis elbow • Tenosynovitis • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Ganglion cysts

Tendon Disorders • Tennis elbow • Tenosynovitis • Carpal tunnel syndrome • Ganglion cysts Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -10 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5. 3 Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg, and Foot Mc. Graw-Hill

Muscles and Tendons Lesson 5. 3 Pelvic Girdle, Thigh, Leg, and Foot Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -11 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles of Hip and Thigh • Support Hip Joint and Move Thigh – Glutei

Muscles of Hip and Thigh • Support Hip Joint and Move Thigh – Glutei – maximus, medius, minimus – Adductor muscle of inner thigh Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -12 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Thigh Muscles • Quadriceps femoris muscle – Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus

Thigh Muscles • Quadriceps femoris muscle – Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius • Quadriceps femoris tendon • Hamstring Group – Biceps femoris – Semimembranosus – Semitendinosus Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -13 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Muscles and Tendons of Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot • Calf Muscles Gastrocnemius –

Muscles and Tendons of Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot • Calf Muscles Gastrocnemius – large Soleus – small • Tendons join to form Achilles (calcaneal) tendon which is attached to the heel bone (calcaneus). Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -14 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Deconstruction of Words • • Mc. Graw-Hill Abduction Adduction Adductor Dorsum Dorsal 5 -15

Deconstruction of Words • • Mc. Graw-Hill Abduction Adduction Adductor Dorsum Dorsal 5 -15 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lesson 5. 4 • Rehabilitation Medicine Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -16 Copyright © 2012 The

Lesson 5. 4 • Rehabilitation Medicine Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -16 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rehabilitation Medicine • Multidisciplinary team approach – – – – – Mc. Graw-Hill Physiatrists

Rehabilitation Medicine • Multidisciplinary team approach – – – – – Mc. Graw-Hill Physiatrists Medical specialists Occupational therapists Physical therapists Rehabilitation psychologists Social workers Speech therapists Orthotists Nutritionists 5 -17 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rehabilitation Medicine Focuses On Function to Maintain Independence and a Good Quality of Life

Rehabilitation Medicine Focuses On Function to Maintain Independence and a Good Quality of Life • Restorative Rehabilitation – Restores a function that had been lost • Maintenance Rehabilitation – Strengthens and maintains a function that was being lost • Prevention of Function Loss and Injury Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -18 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Measurement and Monitoring • Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) 1. Eating 2. Bathing 3.

Measurement and Monitoring • Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) 1. Eating 2. Bathing 3. Dressing 4. Grooming 5. Toileting 6. Transfer • Mc. Graw-Hill Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) - Relate to Independent Living - Managing money; using a telephone; cooking; driving; shopping; housework 5 -19 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Assistive Devices • Any equipment used to maintain or promote function in

• Assistive Devices • Any equipment used to maintain or promote function in someone with a disability • Low end – a cane, walker, shoe insert • High end – computerized communication device • Adaptive Equipment • Any equipment to help perform ADLs • Eating devices, raised toilet seats, handrails in bath and shower Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -20 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• Assistive • Assistant • Physiotherapy • Physiotherapist • Physiotherapeutic Mc. Graw-Hill 5

• Assistive • Assistant • Physiotherapy • Physiotherapist • Physiotherapeutic Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -21 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Amputations • Causes • Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - legs • Wartime explosive devices

Amputations • Causes • Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) - legs • Wartime explosive devices – arms and legs • Below-the-knee (BKA) Promote healing of stump Strengthen muscles above amputation site Strengthen arm muscles Prevent contractures Shrink stump to fit into socket of prosthesis Provide emotional, psychological and family support Mc. Graw-Hill 5 -22 Copyright © 2012 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.