Power Point Presentation to accompany Looking OutLooking In

Power. Point Presentation to accompany Looking Out/Looking In, Tenth Edition Chapter 1: A First Look at Interpersonal Relationships Presentation prepared by Dr. Michael Pearson, Gretchen Gill, and Tim Scanlon of West Chester University Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by: Phone: 1 -800 -730 -2214 Fax: 1 -800 -730 -2215 Web: www. thomsonrights. com Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

CHAPTER 1 A First Look at Interpersonal Relationships Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

A First Look at Interpersonal Relationships • • • Why We Communicate The Process of Communication Principles and Misconceptions The Nature of Interpersonal Communication Communicating about Relationships Communication Competence: What Makes an Effective Communicator? Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Why We Communicate Physical Needs Identity Needs Social Needs Practical Goals • Instrumental Goals - getting others to behave in ways we want Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Process of Communication A Linear View Linear Communication Model • Sender - encodes ideas and feelings • Message - organized ideas and feelings • Channel - means of conveying messages • Receiver - decodes the message • Noise - any forces that interfere with effective communication • Environments - fields of experience that help to understand others’ behavior Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Process of Communication A Transactional View Transactional Communication Model • Feedback - response of a receiver to a sender’s message • Behavior - replaces the term of encoding, describes both deliberate and unintentional actions that can be observed and interpreted Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Process of Communication Definition of Communication - a continuous, transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create relationships the exchange of messages. Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communication Principles and Misconceptions Communication Principles • Communication can be intentional or unintentional • It’s impossible not to communicate • Communication is irreversible • Communication is unrepeatable Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communication Principles and Misconceptions Communication Principles • Meanings are not in words • More communication is not always better • No single person or event causes another’s reaction • Communication will not solve all problems Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Nature of Interpersonal Communication Two Views of Interpersonal Communication 1. Quantitative Definition - based on the interaction between two people • Dyad - term used by social scientists to refer to two people interacting 2. Qualitative Definition - occurs when people treat one another as unique individuals Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Nature of Interpersonal Communication Several features distinguish qualitatively interpersonal communication from less personal communication • Uniqueness • Irreplaceability • Interdependence • Amount of disclosure • Intrinsic rewards Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

The Nature of Interpersonal Communication Technology and Interpersonal Communication • Computer mediated communication (CMC) – E-mail – Instant messaging – Online chat Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communicating About Relationships Content and Relational Messages • Content - contains the subject being discussed • Relational - how the parties feel toward one another Metacommunication • Metacommunication - describes messages people exchange about their relationship Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communicating About Relationships Types of Relational Messages 1. Affinity - the degree to which people like or appreciate one another 2. Respect - to be held in esteem by others 3. Control - the degree to which the parties have the power to influence one another Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communicating About Relationships Types of Control • Decision • Conversational Distribution of Control • Complementary - when distribution of power is equal • Symmetrical - partners seek same degree of control • Parallel - power shifts from one to another, according to situation Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communication Competence: What Makes An Effective Communicator? Communication Competence Defined Communication Competence – achieving one’s goals in a manner that, ideally, maintains or enhances the relationship in which it occurs • There is no “ideal” way to communicate. • Competence is situational. • Competence is relational. • Competence can be learned. Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communication Competence: What Makes An Effective Communicator? Characteristics of Competent Communicators • A wide range of behaviors • Ability to choose the most appropriate behavior • Skill at performing behaviors (Four stages) 1. Beginning Awareness 2. Awkwardness 3. Skillfulness 4. Integration Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.

Communication Competence: What Makes An Effective Communicator? Characteristics of Competent Communicators • Cognitive Complexity - ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue • Self-Monitoring - paying attention to one’s behavior and using these observations to shape the way one behaves • Commitment - people who seem to care about relationships communicate better than those who don’t. Copyright © 2002 Thomson Learning, Inc.