Power Point Presentation to Accompany 2010 Delmar Cengage

Power. Point Presentation to Accompany © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 8 The Articular System © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2

Introduction • Articulation: union between two or more bones • Can be mobile or immobile • Examples – Sutures between skull bones – Knee or elbow joint © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 3

The Classification of Joints: Structure and Function © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 4

Introduction • Joints are classified into three major groups based on: – Degree of movement allowed (function) – Type of material holding bones together (structure) © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 5

Synarthroses • No movement – Suture: bones connected by thin layer connective tissue (skull) – Syndesmosis: connected by ligaments between bones (radius and ulna) – Gomphosis: conical process in a socket (teeth) © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 6

Amphiarthroses • Slight movement – Symphysis: connected by disk of fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis) – Synchondrosis: connected by hyaline cartilage (growth plate between diaphysis and epiphyses) © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 7

Diarthroses or Synovial Joints • Free movement • Capsule with internal cavity • Capsule composition: fibrous cartilage, ligaments, tendons, muscle, synovial membranes • Functions: weight bearing and movement © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 8

Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 9

Movements at Synovial Joints © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 10

Movements at Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Flexion/Extension – Hyperextension: abnormal extension • • Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion Abduction/Adduction Rotation Circumduction © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 11

Movements at Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • • Supination/Pronation Eversion/Inversion Protraction/Retraction Opposition/Reposition © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 12

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 13

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Ball-and-socket – Widest range of movement • Movement can occur in all planes and directions – Shoulder – Hip © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 14

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Hinge – Convex surface fits into concave surface – Flexion and extension only – Knee – Elbow © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 15

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Pivot – Rotation in one plane – Atlas and axis (cervical spine) – Rotation of the head © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 16

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Condyloid (ellipsoidal) – Oval-shaped condyle fits into elliptical cavity – Motion in two planes at right angles – Radius and carpal bones © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 17

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Saddle – Motion in two planes at right angles – Permits opposition of the thumb © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 18

The Six Types of Diarthroses or Synovial Joints (cont’d. ) • Gliding – Gliding motion – Intervertebral joints in spine © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 19

Animation – Synovial Joints • [Insert synovial joints. swf] © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 20

Bursae © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 21

Bursae (cont’d. ) • Closed sacs prevent friction between tissues – Synovial membrane lining – Subcutaneous: between skin and underlying bony processes – Subfascial: between overlying muscles – Subtendinous: between overlying tendons or bony projections © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22

Summary • Discussed the three types of joints (synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses or synovial joints) • Described the movements possible at synovial joints • Named the six types of synovial joints • Discussed the functions and types of bursae © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 23