Power Point Presentation Publisher The GoodheartWillcox Co Inc

Power. Point Presentation Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 1 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Chapter 17 Fireplaces, Chimneys, and Stoves 2 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Chapter 17 Overview • • Introduction Fireplace Design Considerations Fireplace/Chimney Terms Designing with CADD Hearth and Fire Chamber Damper and Smoke Shelf Flue 3 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Chapter 17 Overview • • Framing Around Fireplace and Chimney Fireplace Specifications Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces and Stoves 4 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Learning Objectives • Compare various types of fireplaces that are appropriate for a residence. • Identify the parts of a standard masonry fireplace and chimney. • Apply the appropriate principles to design a typical fireplace (continued) 5 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Learning Objectives • Use a fireplace design data chart. • Explain the difference between a radiant and circulating stove. 6 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Introduction • Everyone enjoys a blazing fire. • The fireplace is often a focal point. • The fireplace is an important design consideration. • Many fireplaces fail to operate properly. • Follow design specifications. 7 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Living Room Fireplace • This fireplace serves as the focal point of the living room. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 8 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Design Considerations • • Several types of fireplaces are used. Designs may be traditional or modern. Metal fireplaces are being used more. Fireplaces may be wood burning or gas fired to look like a wood fire. • Fireplaces are usually identified based on the number of openings they have. • Each type has design requirements. 9 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Contemporary Fireplace (Heatilator, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 10 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Types of Fireplaces 11 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace/Chimney Terms • Terms related to fireplaces and chimneys should be understood. • Become familiar with the following terms. – Ash dump: Where ashes are stored. – Cleanout: Provides access to ash dump. – Damper: Controls air flow. – Fireclay: Bonding agent between firebrick. 12 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace/Chimney Terms – Flue: Chimney lining. – Hearth: Reduces the chance of fire in the room from sparks. – Inner hearth: Fireplace floor. – Smoke chamber: Area above the damper. – Smoke shelf: Deflects air upward. 13 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Designing with CADD • Some CADD packages automate the fireplace design process. – Drafter must specify width of opening and desired style of fireplace. – The plan view, elevations, and details are generated. 14 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Designing with CADD • A computer-generated rendering of a room with a fireplace. (Soft. Plan Systems, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 15 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Hearth • The hearth should extend at least 16" in front of the fireplace. • Noncombustible material should be used between framing and masonry. • The hearth extends beneath the fireplace to form an inner hearth. • The hearth may be floor level or raised. 16 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Section Drawing 17 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fire Chamber • The fire chamber is where the fire is contained. – It is usually lined with firebrick set in fireclay. • Fire chamber shape is critical for properation. • Wall thickness should be minimum of 8". 18 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Ash Dump and Cleanout • An ash dump is desirable when space is available below the fireplace and finished floor. • The ash dump is located in the middle of the fireplace floor. • An ash chamber is located below the ash dump. • Ashes are removed through a cleanout. 19 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Steel, Heat. Circulating Fireplaces • Prefabricated metal fireplaces include the inner hearth, fire chamber, throat, damper, smoke shelf, and smoke chamber. • They are very efficient due to air circulation passageways and may be installed in frame construction. 20 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Steel, Heat. Circulating Fireplace • A cutaway view of a prefabricated steel, heat-circulating fireplace. (Heatilator, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 21 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Damper • Every fireplace needs a damper to regulate air flow and stop downdrafts. • The damper is located in the throat of the fireplace. • Damper sizes are shown in Figure 17 -9 in the text. • Dampers are available in steel and cast iron. 22 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Smoke Shelf • The smoke shelf deflects cold air flowing down the chimney upward into the rising warm air. • Prevents smoke from entering the room. • The smoke chamber is the area just above the smoke shelf and damper. • Smoke chamber is pyramidal in shape. 23 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Flue • The flue begins at top of smoke chamber and extends to top of chimney. – Usually has a clay lining. – Requires at least 4" of masonry on all sides with a flue liner; 8" without. • Each fireplace must have its own flue. • Flue size should be at least 1/10 th of the fireplace opening. 24 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Flue • Proper flue size is related to several factors: – Fireplace opening size. – Flue height. – Flue location in the structure. • The flue must be at least 2' above the highest point of the roof. • A chimney may house several flues. 25 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Recommended Chimney Height 26 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Framing Around Fireplace and Chimney • The chimney is a free-standing structure. • A clearance of 2" is required between the chimney and framing. – This space should be filled with a noncombustible material. • Openings in the floor, ceiling, and roof must have double headers and trimmers to provide necessary support. 27 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Framing Around Fireplace 28 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Framing Around Chimney 29 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Framing Around Chimney 30 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Chimney at Ridge Line • A saddle or cricket is built on the high side of the chimney to shed water on a single slope roof section. 31 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Lintels • Masonry opening above the fireplace must be supported by a lintel. • Angle steel is the most common type of lintel. • Size of lintel will depend on the width of the fireplace opening. • A 3" x 1/4" angle steel lintel is sufficient for a 60" wide opening. 32 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Specifications • Generally fireplaces are identified as single-face, two-face opposite, two-face adjacent, three-face, or prefabricated metal. • The type of fireplace and opening size is the beginning point in designing a fireplace. • Each type has its own specifications. 33 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Single-Face Fireplace • Single-face fireplace is the most popular. • Least complicated. • Functions best. • See text Figure 17 -15 for design details. • See text Figure 17 -9 for damper sizes. (Heatilator, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 34 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Two-Face Opposite Fireplace • Two-face opposite fireplace is open on both the front and back. • Can be viewed from two rooms. • Glass doors are needed to prevent side drafts. • See text Figure 17 -16 for design details. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 35 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Two-Face Adjacent Fireplace • Two-face adjacent fireplace is open on front and one side (either left or right side). • Also known as a projecting corner fireplace. • See text Figure 17 -17 for design details. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 36 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Three-Face Fireplace • Three-face fireplace is open on three sides. • Also known as a three -way fireplace. • A novelty. • See text Figure 17 -18 for design details. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 37 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces • Prefabricated metal fireplaces are becoming more popular as more styles are produced. • They come assembled. • Some are wall-mounted, some are enclosed in masonry, others are freestanding. • Check the code prior to installation. 38 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces • Prefabricated steel, heat-circulating fireplace. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 39 (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces • Free-standing metal fireplace. (Stone Products Corporation) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 40 (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces • A typical installation of a prefabricated metal fireplace in a cottage. 41 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Prefabricated Metal Fireplaces • Three common designs of prefabricated steel, heat-circulating fireplaces. (Superior Fireplace Company) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 42 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Fireplace Inserts • Fireplace inserts are efficient in circulating warmed air. • Designed for existing masonry fireplaces. (Eneco Corporation) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 43 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • Generally produce more usable heat than fireplaces. • Typically used as local heat source. • Heating efficiency varies greatly among models. (Vermont Castings) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 44 (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • There are two main types of stoves: – Radiant stoves. – Circulating stoves. • A radiant stove warms through radiant heat (line of sight). • A circulating stove uses air flow and radiant heat. 45 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • A circulating stove has an outer jacket to facilitate air movement. • Circulating stoves are safer and may be placed closer to combustible material than radiant stoves. • Stoves are classified by heating efficiency. – 20% to 30% is low efficiency. – 35% to 50% is medium heating efficiency. 46 © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • Circulating stove. (Heatilator, Inc. ) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 47 (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • Radiant stove. (Vermont Castings) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 48 (continued) Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only

Stoves • A stove may be located in front or inside of an existing fireplace. • Be sure to follow manufacturer’s instructions as well as local code requirements. (Vermont Castings) © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. 49 Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only