Power Point Presentation Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines

Power. Point® Presentation Chapter 1 Internal Combustion Engines Engine Classification • Small Engine Development • Energy Conservation Principles • Small Engine History

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Competencies w Explain the classification “small engine” and discuss the main small engine types. w Describe types of cylinder design and cooling systems. w Explain small engine development history. w Explain energy conversion principles that apply to small engines. w Explain heat transfer. w List the common energy conversion calculations. w Explain the chemistry of fuel combustion in small engines. w Describe the small engine industry.

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Small Engines w internal combustion engine w converts heat energy from the combustion of fuel into mechanical energy w rated up to 25 horsepower (HP) w spark ignition or compression w four-stroke or two-stroke cycle

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Engine Design w one, two, or four cylinders w cylinder orientation n vertical, horizontal, or slanted w cylinder configuration n V, horizontally-opposed, or in-line w air-cooled or liquid-cooled

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Development History w gunpowder engine w steam engine w coal gas w internal combustion w gasoline power w diesel engine

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Energy Conversion Principles w small engines convert potential energy into kinetic energy w all internal combustion engines operate utilizing basic principles of heat, force, pressure, torque, work, power, and chemistry

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Heat Transfer w conduction is heat transfer from atom to atom via molecules in direct contact w convection is heat transfer by currents in a fluid w radiation is heat transfer that occurs as radiant energy without a material carrier

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Energy Conversion Calculations w temperature is the intensity of heat n n °C = (°F – 32) ÷ 1. 8 °F = (1. 8 × °C) + 32 w pressure is a force acting on a unit of area n pressure = force ÷ area

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Energy Conversion Calculations w torque is a force acting on a perpendicular radial distance from a point of rotation n torque = force × radius w work is the movement of an object by a constant force n work = force × distance

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Energy Conversion Calculations w power is the rate at which work is done n power = work ÷ time w horsepower (HP) is a measure of power equal to 76 watts or 33, 000 lb-ft per min n HP = work ÷ (time × 33, 000)

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Combustion Chemistry w combining of hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen w a chemical reaction between the hydrocarbon molecule and atmospheric oxygen combining at ignition temperature causes an exchange of elements that releases heat energy

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Small Engine Industry w outdoor power equipment manufacturers w service technicians w Briggs & Stratton MST program

Chapter 1 — Internal Combustion Engines Chapter 1 Review In a typical small engine, approximately what percent of the energy released is converted into useful work? n Approximately 30% of the energy is converted into useful work. What is horsepower? n Horsepower is a unit of power equal to 33, 000 lb-ft per min.