Power Point Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking

*STUDENTS WILL DO THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ON THEIR OWN DURING SPRING BREAK • Both Classes: 17, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33, and 34 **ALSO DURING SPRING BREAK: STUDENTS WILL STUDY & KNOW ALL BONES AND PARTS STUDIED SO FAR ON ALL LAB DIAGRAMS AS OF Fri. , 04 -07 Quiz On All Bones Done So Far On Mon. (MW Class) And Wed. (WF Class) after break * After Break In Lecture, We Will Finish Ch 6 & 7 and Do the First ½ of Ch. 8. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

III The Pelvic (Hip) Girdle A. Os Coxae (Os coxa) • Each = 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, pubis • Functions: • Attaches • Supports • Vs. Pectoral: PLAY Lateral View Posterior Animation: Rotatable pelvis • Bony Pelvis: deep basin-like structure formed by: • Articulations • Hip Joint; mobility & strength? • Sacroilliac Joint • Pubic Symphysis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anterior

Three regions Base of sacrum Iliac fossa Coxal bone llium (os coxae or hip Pubic bone) bone Iliac crest Sacroiliac joint Anterior superior iliac spine Sacral promontory Sacrum Coccyx Anterior inferior iliac spine Pelvic brim Acetabulum Pubic tubercle Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Ischium Pubic arch PLAY Animation: Rotatable pelvis Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 29

A. Pelvic Girdle … 1. ILIUM = Superior part: Body & Ala (wings) • Iliac Crest: Posterior • Iliac Spines • Anterior & Posterior Superior Iliac Spines • Anterior & Posterior Inferior Iliac Spines • = Function: • Anterior & Posterior Sacroiliac Ligaments: Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lateral View

Ilium … Lateral View • Greater Sciatic Notch: Posterior • Auricular surface • articulates

Pelvic Girdle … Lateral View 2. Ischium • Posterior-inferior Posterior • Main Regions: Body & Inferior Ramus • Ischial Spine: • Lesser Sciatic Notch • • Ischial Tuberosity: inferior • when sitting: Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Inferior Ramus

Pelvic Girdle … 3. Pubis • Anterior • Pubic Crest: • Superior Ramus •

Pelvic Girdle … 4. MISCELLANEOUS PARTS • Acetabulum • = • Acetabular Fossa: indentation • Acetabular Notch: continuous w/ fossa • Obturator Foramen– passage of blood vessels and nerves • Ischiopubic Ramus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Os Coxae Anterior gluteal Ilium line Ala Posterior Iliac crest gluteal line Posterior Anterior superior i. Iiac spine iliac spine Posterior inferior Inferior iliac spine gluteal line Greater sciatic Anterior inferior notch iliac spine Ischial body Acetabulum Ischial spine Pubic body Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Ischium Inferior ramus Ischial of pubis tuberosity Obturator foramen Ischial ramus (a) Lateral view, right hip bone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 30 a

Ilium Iliac crest Iliac fossa Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Auricular surface Greater sciatic notch Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Obturator foramen Ischium Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior Body of iliac spine the ilium Arcuate line Superior ramus of pubis Pubic tubercle Articular surface of pubis (at pubic symphysis) Ischial ramus Inferior ramus of pubis (b) Medial view, right hip bone Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 30 b

B. Pelvis Structure & Childbearing • True or Lesser Pelvis: • contains birth canal • Pelvic Brim, Pelvic Inlet: Oval ridge from Pubic Crest Arcuate Line Sacral Promontory; • M/F differences in dimensions: Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Pelvis Structure & Childbearing … • Pelvic Outlet: inferior margin • Bounded by Pubic Arch, Ishia, Saccrum, Coccyx • Dimensions • M vs. F • False Pelvis: Portion above Pelvic Brim • Bounded by Alae & lower Lumber Vertebrae • • Function Other M vs. F Differences • Saccrum • Coccyx Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 7. 4

IV. The Lower Limb A. Introduction • 29 bones • Thigh: femur • Leg:

Lower Limb … B. Thigh • FEMUR: • Largest/strongest bone • medially to knee • Male vs. Female • Articulations • Hip: • Knee: • Tibia • Patella Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Anterior View Posterior View

Femur … Parts • Head: • Fovea Capitus– indentation • Function: ligament • Neck–

Femur … • Greater Trochanter– large, blunt process • lateral • muscles • Lesser Trochanter –small • Intertrochanteric Crest • posteriorly • Intertrochanteric Line • anteriorly Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. “ “

Femur … • Gluteal Tuberosity– • Posterior • Muscles • Blends into • Linea Aspera– low, vertical ridge • muscle • Medial and Lateral Condyles: distal • articulate with M. and L. Condyles of ______ • Lateral Epicondyle– superior to • Muscle • Medial Epicondyle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. “ “ “

Neck Fovea capitis Greater trochanter Head Intertrochanteric crest Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera Apex Anterior Facet for lateral condyle of femur Facet for medial condyle of femur Lateral condyle Medial and lateral supracondylar lines Surface for patellar Posterior ligament (a) Patella (kneecap) Intercondylar fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial condyle Adductor tubercle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Patellar surface Anterior view Posterior view (b) Femur (thigh bone) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 31

Anterior View • Adductor Tubercle– on superior part of Medial Epicondyle; Muscle attachment • Patellar Surface– articulates patella • Popliteal Space– behind knee • Intercondylar Notch (Fossa)– between condyles Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior View

C. PATELLA • Sesamoid Bone in Patellar Tendon • Patellar Ligament Copyright © 2010

Lateral condyle Head Proximal tibiofibular joint Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus Articular surface Medial malleolus (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 32 a

Articular surface of medial condyle Medial condyle Articular surface of lateral condyle Head of fibula Interosseous membrane Tibia Fibula Articular surface Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus (b) Posterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 32 b

Bones of the Leg … D. Tibia • Medial • Receives body weight • Medial Condyle: articulates w/ • Lateral Condyle: articulates w/ • Intercondylar Eminence Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Posterior View

• Tibial Tuberosity– attachment of • Anterior Crest (Border) = • Medial Malleolus

E. Fibula • Stabilizes ankle joint • interosseous membrane • Articulates with tibia via proximal & distal tibiofibular joints • Head • Lateral Malleolus • Inferior End– articulates with Talus Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lateral condyle Head Proximal tibiofibular joint Intercondylar eminence Medial condyle Tibial tuberosity Interosseous membrane Anterior border Fibula Tibia Distal tibiofibular joint Lateral malleolus Articular surface Medial malleolus (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 32 a

Articular surface of medial condyle Medial condyle Articular surface of lateral condyle Head of fibula Interosseous membrane Tibia Fibula Articular surface Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus (b) Posterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 32 b

Distal Middle Proximal 1 Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Navicular Talus Trochlea of talus (a) Superior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 3 4 5 Phalanges Metatarsals Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Tarsals Calcaneus Figure 7. 33 a

F. Foot: 1. Tarsals • Talus transfers weight to heel • Calcaneus– heel • Other tarsal bones: cuboid, navicular, and the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms PROXIMAL ROW: Navicular– Talus– Calcaneus N T C DISTAL ROW: Medial C. – Intermediate C. – Lateral C. —Cuboid M I L Not The Coke, Mostly I Like Cubes Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. C

Foot … 2. Metatarsals: 5 • #1 to #5 • metatarsal 1: “ball of the foot” 3. Phalanges • 14 bones • Each digit has 3 • Rows: Proximal, Middle, and Distal • Hallux; no middle phalanx Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Distal Middle Proximal 1 Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Navicular Talus Trochlea of talus (a) Superior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 3 4 5 Phalanges Metatarsals Lateral cuneiform Cuboid Tarsals Calcaneus Figure 7. 33 a

Intermediate cuneiform First metatarsal Talus Facet for medial Navicular malleolus Sustentaculum tali (talar shelf) Calcaneus Medial cuneiform (b) Medial view PLAY Calcaneal tuberosity Animation: Rotatable bones of the foot Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7. 33 b

END Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Olecranon process Trochlear notch View Coronoid process Radial notch (c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view Ulnar notch of radius Articulation for lunate Articulation for scaphoid Styloid process View Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Styloid Head of ulna process (d) Distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist Figure 7. 27 c-d