Power Point Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin

Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Vince Austin Human Anatomy ARTERIAL & Physiology BLOOD FIFTH EDITION SUPPLY Elaine N. Marieb Dr. Nabil Khouri Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Vascular system • The vascular system plays the critical role In: • Delivering nutrients • Clearing metabolic waste products from peripheral tissues • Maintaining systemic core temperature. Vascular flow is controlled by various processes, including: • Vessels anatomy & histology structure • Vascular tone, which is controlled by neuroendocrine hormones along with autonomic nervous system influence • End-organ metabolic requirements. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Two cardiovascular circulation • Pulmonary circulation – blood to and from the lungs • System circulation – blood to and from the rest of the body • Vessels carry the blood through these circuits – Arteries carry blood away from the heart – Veins carry blood to the heart – Capillaries permit exchange Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Pulmonary Circulation • Pulmonary trunk branches – Right and left pulmonary arteries – Division into lobar arteries • 3 on right • 2 on left – Smaller and smaller arterioles, into capillaries surrounding alveoli • Gas exchange • Pulmonary system pressure is only 1/6 of systemic blood pressure Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings After gas exchange blood enters venules Larger and larger into Superior and Inferior Pulmonary veins Four Pulmonary Veins empty into left atrium

Systemic Circulation • • Oxygenated blood to body Leaves LV through Ascending Aorta – • It has Only 2 branches: the left and right coronary arteries Aortic Arch has three arteries branching from it: 1. Brachiocephalic trunk, has 2 branches: • • Right common carotid a. Right subclavian a. 2. Left common carotid a. 3. Left subclavian a. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 7

Aorta and Its Major Branches Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin

Arteries of the Head and Neck Coronary arteries and sinuses Copyright © 2003 Pearson

Ligamentum arteriosum & Vagus Narve Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin

Arteries of the Head and Neck External Carotid A Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education,

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Internal carotid A. – Enters skull through carotid canal – Gives off: • Ophthalmic artery – Then divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries together they supply 80% of cerebrum Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 15

Arteries of the Brain Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Arteries of the Upper limb • Subclavian runs laterally onto 1 st rib, under clavicle • Enters axilla as axillary artery – Sends branches • Continues as brachial artery in upper arm – Splits into radial & ulnar arteries – See hand supply Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 20

The axillary artery is separated into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle, which crosses anteriorly to the vessel : • The first part is proximal to pectoralis minor; • The second part is posterior to pectoralis minor; • The third part is distal to pectoralis minor. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Generally, six branches arise from the axillary artery: • One branch, the superior thoracic artery, originates from the first part; • Two branches, the thoraco-acromial artery and the lateral thoracic artery, originate from the second part; • Three branches, the subscapular artery, the anterior circumflex humeral artery, and the posterior circumflex humeral artery, originate from the third part Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Branches of the axillary artery. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin

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Brachial artery Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Arteries of the anterior compartment of the forearm. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.

Superficial Palmar arch. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Deep palmar arch. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Important clinical anatomy fact • In approximately 80% of patients, the deep and superficial palmar arches are connected and are referred to as complete. • This results in a Dual perfusion supply to the common and proper digital vessels. • This is an important attribute of hand vascular architecture, providing collateral blood flow in the event of vascular pathology affecting one of these palmar arches. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Where to take peripheral artery pulses in the upper limb. Copyright © 2003 Pearson

Descending Aorta • Anterior intercostals are branchs off the Internal thoracic* (A branch of subclavian) • Posterior intercostals are branchs off the Thoracic aorta Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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The Abdominal Aorta • At rest, ½ arterial blood is here! • Three single (Unpaired) midline branches supply the digestive tract 1. Celiac trunk 2. Superior mesenteric artery 3. Inferior mesenteric artery 1. 2. 3. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 34

1. Celiac trunk: divides into 3 right away: left gastric, splenic & common hepatic

2. Superior mesenteric supplies most of intestines 3. Inferior mesenteric supplies distal half of

Arteries to the abdomen • The Paired branches off the abdominal aorta supply adrenal glands, kidneys, gonads and abdominal body wall supply diaphragm supply adrenals to kidney 3. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

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Terminal branches of the abdominal Aorta • Abdominal aorta terminal branches are the two: the Rt and Lt Common iliacs • At L 4; each will terminate by dividing into: – Internal iliacs to pelvic organs, perineum, buttocks, medial thighs – External iliacs: to rest of lower limbs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 39

• External iliac passes under inguinal ligament becoming Femoral artery • At back of knee femoral becomes popliteal artery, and branches Feel dorslis pedis & posterior tibial Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 40