Power Point Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty BostwickTaylor
Power. Point® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Nervous System 7 PART B Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc § Reflex— § Occurs over pathways called reflex arcs § Reflex arc— Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Spinal cord (in cross section) Stimulus at distal end of neuron Sensory neuron Receptor Motor neuron (a) Effector Integration center Interneuron Figure 7. 11 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Stimulus at distal end of neuron Receptor (a) Figure 7. 11 a, step 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Stimulus at distal end of neuron Receptor Sensory neuron (a) Figure 7. 11 a, step 2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Stimulus at distal end of neuron Receptor Spinal cord (in cross section) Sensory neuron Integration center Interneuron (a) Figure 7. 11 a, step 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Stimulus at distal end of neuron Receptor Spinal cord (in cross section) Sensory neuron Motor neuron Integration center Interneuron (a) Figure 7. 11 a, step 4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Reflex Arc Skin Spinal cord (in cross section) Stimulus at distal end of neuron Sensory neuron Receptor Motor neuron (a) Effector Integration center Interneuron Figure 7. 11 a, step 5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron Synapse in ventral horn gray matter Interneuron Motor (efferent) neuron (b) Effector (quadriceps muscle of thigh) Effector (biceps brachii muscle) (c) Figure 7. 11 b–c Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Spinal cord (b) Figure 7. 11 b, step 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord (b) Figure 7. 11 b, step 2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord Synapse in ventral horn gray matter (b) Figure 7. 11 b, step 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord Synapse in ventral horn gray matter Motor (efferent) neuron (b) Figure 7. 11 b, step 4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord Synapse in ventral horn gray matter (b) Motor (efferent) neuron Effector (quadriceps muscle of thigh) Figure 7. 11 b, step 5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Spinal cord (c) Figure 7. 11 c, step 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron (c) Figure 7. 11 c, step 2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron Interneuron (c) Figure 7. 11 c, step 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron Interneuron Motor (efferent) neuron (c) Figure 7. 11 c, step 4 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron Interneuron Motor (efferent) neuron Effector (biceps brachii muscle) (c) Figure 7. 11 c, step 4 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Simple Reflex Arc Sensory receptors (stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle) Sensory receptors (pain receptors in the skin) Sensory (afferent) neuron Spinal cord Sensory (afferent) neuron Synapse in ventral horn gray matter Interneuron Motor (efferent) neuron (b) Effector (quadriceps muscle of thigh) Effector (biceps brachii muscle) (c) Figure 7. 11 b–c Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Reflexes and Regulation § Somatic reflexes § Activation of skeletal muscles § Example: Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Reflexes and Regulation § Autonomic reflexes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Reflexes and Regulation § Patellar Figure 7. 11 d Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Central Nervous System (CNS) § CNS develops from the embryonic neural tube § The neural tube becomes the brain and spinal cord § The opening of the neural tube becomes the ventricles Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Central Nervous System (CNS) Figure 7. 12 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain § Cerebral hemispheres Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 12 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) § Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain § The surface is made of ridges and grooves Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 13 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Lobes of the cerebrum § Fissures divide the cerebrum into lobes § Surface lobes of the cerebrum Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 13 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Specialized areas of the cerebrum § Primary somatic sensory area § Primary motor area § Broca’s area Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 13 c Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 14 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Cerebral areas involved in special senses Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Interpretation areas of the cerebrum Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 13 c Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum § Layers of the cerebrum § Gray matter § White matter § Corpus callosum connects hemispheres § Basal nuclei Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebrum Figure 7. 15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7. 16 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon § Sits on top of the brain stem § Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7. 12 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7. 16 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon Figure 7. 16 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon § Thalamus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon § Hypothalamus § Under the thalamus § Important autonomic nervous system center Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon § Hypothalamus (continued) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Diencephalon § Epithalamus § Forms the roof of the third ventricle § Houses the pineal body § Includes the choroid plexus Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem § Attaches to the spinal cord § Parts of the brain stem Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem Figure 7. 16 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem § Midbrain § Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers § Has two bulging fiber tracts— § Has four rounded protrusions— § Reflex centers for vision and hearing Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem § Pons § The bulging center part of the brain stem § Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem § Medulla Oblongata § The lowest part of the brain stem § Merges into the spinal cord § Includes important fiber tracts § Contains important control centers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Brain Stem § Reticular Formation § Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem § Involved in motor control of visceral organs § Reticular activating system (RAS) Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem Figure 7. 16 b Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebellum § Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain: Cerebellum Figure 7. 16 a Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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