Power Plants Engines Types of Engines and Uses

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines and Uses 1. External Combustion (EC) Engines: • Steam – steam locomotives; turbines in electricity stations 2. Internal Combustion (IC) Engines: 1) Four-stroke: cars, trucks, motorcycles, construction machinery, airplanes 2) Two-stroke: moped, dirt bike, chainsaw, trimmer, motor boat, lawnmowers, go-karts 3) Diesel: 50% new cars in europe, submarines, ships, locomotives, large trucks/machinery 3. Gas Turbine Engines: • Power plants and airplanes IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines A – Lift B – Thrust C – Weight D - Drag IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Aircraft Engines 5. In-line engine a. Early aircraft, including Wright Brothers’. b. Advantage: narrow frontal area for low drag c. Disadvantage: Poor power-to-weight ratio (heavy crankcase and crankshaft) P In ALL engines, we want a high power-to-weight ratio. W t POWER-TO-WEIGHT RATIO: amount of power you get out of the engine compared to the weight of the engine itself IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Aircraft Engines 6. Rotary engine i. c. e. a. Early WWI b. Cylinders around crankcase, crankshaft bolted to airframe c. Entire engine rotates with the propeller d. Advantages: Lightweight, powerful, cheap, easy to manufacture e. Disadvantage: Difficult to fly, spread oil over plane IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Aircraft Engines 7. Radial engine i. c. e. a. Post WWI b. Cylinders around crankcase, bolted to airframe c. Propeller rotates with crankshaft d. Advantages: Good P/W ratio, cools evenly, runs smoothly e. Disadvantage: blunt and aerodynamically inefficient profile IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Gas Turbine 8. Gas Turbine 1934: first “free-piston engine” IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Gas Turbine 1) Compressor Compresses incoming air to high pressure (up to 30 times) 2) Combustion Area Burns fuel and produces high pressure, high velocity gas 3) Turbine Extracts energy from combustion IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Gas Turbine 8. Gas Turbine (cont. ) a. Advantages: 1) High power-to-weight ratio 2) Smaller than reciprocating engines of same power b. Disadvantages: 1) Expensive 2) High speeds and temperatures – materials 3) More fuel while “idling” IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Gas Turbine 8. Gas Turbine (cont. ) c. Uses: 1) Jet Engines 2) Electrical Generation 3) Other Vehicles 1) Tanks 2) Naval Vessels 3) Automobiles IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Gas Turbine 8. Gas Turbine (cont. ) 4) Turbine Jet Engine THRUST

Power Plants – Engines Types of Engines – Other Types Other types of engines 1) Bourke 2) Wankel 3) Sterling 4) Carnot Heat Engine 5) Controlled Combustion 6) IRIS Engine 7) Five-stroke 8) Six-stroke IOT 3 -6 POLY ENGINEERING

Non-Renewable Fuels – Petroleum Distillation IOT 3 -2 POLY ENGINEERING