Potted Plants as Active and Passive Biofilters Improving
Potted Plants as Active and Passive Biofilters Improving Indoor Air Quality Jerzy SOWA 1); Jacek HENDIGER 1), Mirosław MAZIEJUK 2); Tomasz SIKORA 2), Łukasz OSUCHOWSKI 2), Halina KAMIŃSKA 3) 1) Warsaw University of Technology, 2) Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, 3) FLORABO; jerzy. sowa@pw. edu. pl
ROLE OF PLANTS IN SUSTAINING CONDITIONS FOR LIFE Visão do Alto, da janela do avião, o Rio Solimões, parecendo uma cobra grande, como é chamado pelos indígenas. Rio Solimóes - Amazonia - Floresta Amazonica Brasil. Follow us in: twitter. com/cryforthearth https: //futurism. com Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
CLOSED ECOSYSTEMS: Bios-3, Krasnojarsk, USSR/Russia http: //www. biosmhars. eu Salisbury et all 1997 4 months in winter 1976 -1977 3 male ( 1 left the experiment) Variation of CO 2: 0, 5 -2, 2% ! Variation of O 2: 18, 7 -21% ! Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
TYPICAL BUSSINESS OPERATING COSTS 80% Staff costs (Salaries and bonuses) 10% Rental costs 5% Different (e. g. software, licences) 1, 5 -2% Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning 1, 5 -2% Electricity 1 -2% Cleaning Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
PRIORITIES – HEALTH, WELL-BEING AND INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTIVITY Engineering approach: • Indoor air quality • Thermal comfort • Daylighting and lighting • Noise Architecture approach: • Interior layout • Look and feel • Active design and exercises • Biophilia • Location and access to amenities Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
LABORATORY TESTS FOR CADR ESTIMATION Tested substance 2 x Epipremnum aureum [%] 63 71 84 51 >93 (1 plant) 2 x Dieffenbachia seguine [%] 73 88 44 44 - PID Benzene Formaldehyde Styrene Toluene Phenol 2 x Sansevieria trifasciata [%] 56 35 51 32 >93 (1 plant) Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
CONCEPT OF ACTIVE BIOFILTER WITH CARBON FILTER Experiments in closed chambers indicate that CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) per 1 plant is low 0, 01 -0, 06 m 3/h (max 0, 3 m 3/h) For biofilter with fan and carbon filter expected CADR equals approx. 30 m 3/h !!! Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF ROOM WITH BIOFILTER n n Ce E V C Ce n t CADReq Indoor emission Room volume Indoor concentration Concentration in Supply air Air change rate Time Equivalent Clean Air Delivery Rate C E CADReq Solutions for a steady state Without air biofilter With air biofilter Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFILTRATION Biofiltration effect - negligible Biofiltration effect - noticeable Biofiltration effect - dominant Relax area: 100 m 2 444 plants in green wall (11 m 2) 80 plants in suspended constructions 20 middle size and big potted plants (height 80 -150 cm) Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
CD Projekt RED, Warsaw, Poland Office area: 3633 m 2 Staff: 350 people. § Green wall 40 m 2 1080 plants § 50 Suspended biofilters with 200 plants § 80 Suspended active biofilters with 320 plants § 60 middle size and big potted plants (height 80 -150 cm) Philodendron Xanadu, Philodendron "Cum. Luade", Philodendron scandens, Epipremnum aureum, Alocasia Gaganea, Scindaptus pictus, Aglaonema Silver Bay, Chlorophytum comosum, Monstera Deliciosa. Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
Seeding Phase Growth Phase Adoption Passive and active biofiltration Hospital Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
SINCE WE ADDED THE PLANTS, HAVE YOU BEEN FEELING BETTER? 173 questionnaires (50% response rate) Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
HAS OUR WORKPLACE CHANGED SINCE THE GREEN PROJECT? 173 questionnaires (50% response rate) Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
WOULD YOU AGREE THAT BRINGING IN PLANTS HAD A POSITIVE IMPACT ON YOUR WORK? 173 questionnaires (50% response rate) Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
EXAMPLE MEASURENETS 800 TVOC concentration [ppb] 700 - measurements repeated after 2 weeks - different times of biofilter activation 600 500 400 29 17 300 200 100 0 19. 01. 29 0: 00 19. 01. 30 0: 00 19. 01. 31 0: 00 Mon 19. 02. 01 0: 00 Tue 19. 02 0: 00 19. 02. 03 0: 00 Wed 19. 02. 04 0: 00 Thu 19. 02. 05 0: 00 Fri 19. 02. 06 0: 00 Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
CONCLUSIONS Biophilic design and vegetation has a very positive impact on people within office environments. Ornamental plants give highly significant reductions in negative mood states – reductions in anger, anxiety, depression, confusion, fatigue and stress. Several research studies indicate the possible effect of vegetation on IAQ. However, there is still a lack of data allowing understanding of pollutant-removal mechanisms as well as factors that influences these processes. An active biofilters (green systems in combination with mechanical fans), provide much higher air-cleaning rates than a passive systems (potted plants). Download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/8888 1292
Thank you for your attention! Jerzy SOWA jerzy. sowa@pw. edu. pl Scan QR or download full paper at www. cesb. cz/19/ 1292 This presentation was created as part of the project "Carrying out research and development works aimed at creating a prototype of the FLORABO air diagnostics and biological filtration system" No. RPMA. 01. 02. 00 -14 -6206 / 16 -00 financed from the European Regional Development Fund under the Regional Operational Program of the Voivodship Mazowieckie for the years 2014 -2020.
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