Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Potential Energy l l

Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Ø Potential Energy l l Energy of position Stored in chemical bonds Ø Kinetic Energy l l Energy of motion Released when chemical bonds are broken

Plankton versus Nekton Ø Plankton l l Weak swimmers Ride the ocean currents Ø Nekton l l Strong swimmers Can swim against the currents

Plankton Arrow worm Copepod Cyanobacteria (P/S) Fish eggs

Phytoplankton: What are they? Organisms in the water column that are capable of photosynthesis Diatoms • Important Primary Producers Dinoflagellates • Red Tides

Zooplankton Chaetognaths or arrow worms Copepods

Zooplankton Cnidarians – “True Jellyfish”

Water or H 2 O Ø Hydrogen Bonds? l Weak attraction between polar molecules

Liquid Water versus Water Vapor Ø As temperature increases the rate of molecular movement? increases

Density = Density of Water Warm Water Cold Water Weight Volume The same number of molecules. The molecules are closer together and occupy less space.

Density = Weight Volume Warm Water A Ø The number of water molecules in A and B is the same. Ø The weight of A and B are the same Ø Which is denser, A or B? Why? Cold Water B “B” or the cold water is denser since it weighs the same “A” but the molecules occupy less space

Factors That Effect Density Ø As temperature increases, density? decreases Ø As salinity increases, density increases (due to the addition of more dissolved material)

The Pycnocline Ø A zone of rapidly changing ? Density

The Thermocline Ø A zone of? Rapidly changing temperature Ø Note there is no thermocline at high latitudes since the surface water remains cold year round

Thermocline Pycnocline

The Three-Layered Ocean Thermocline Add the arrows in your diagram Warm thin surface layer The main thermocline is in the intermediate layer

Solution = Solute + Solvent Ø Solute = ? “ Stuff” to be dissolved Ø Solvent = ? What you dissolve “stuff” in l Water: The Universal Solvent What is the percentage of Solute in: 1. Solution A? 10% 2. Solution B? 20% 3. What is the percentage of 4. Solvent in 90% 1. Solution A? 80%

The Earth Rotates to the East Ø One revolution every? 24 hours Ø The Earth is widest at The equator Ø Water at the equator appears to flow west

The Coriolis Effect Ø Northern Hemisphere l Objects deflected to the? right of their intended direction Ø Southern Hemisphere l Objects deflected to the? left of their indented direction Hot air rises – Cold air sinks

Earth Moon Forces Ø Gravity Pulls ocean toward moon Ø Centrifugal force l Opposite of gravity Pushes water away from moon

Mixed semidiurnal Semidiurnal Diurnal