Poster Draft from Bioengineerings Capstone Design Course Spiral

Poster Draft from Bioengineering’s Capstone Design Course

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Mission Statement We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending • 3 -point bending test Solution: The Spiral. AT A Load (N) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • • • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration • Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • B of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • Deformation (mm) impractical for patients with urgent needs Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Mechanical Testing Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Mission Statement Nice background, title bar and headings We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending • 3 -point bending test A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Load (N) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • • • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration • Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • B of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • Deformation (mm) Solution: The Spiral. AT Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Mechanical Testing Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Too much white space Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim between and text Departmentheadings of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com in each section. We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat Increase white space to the left of the text/bullets in this • vertical white panel. Bullets • and corresponding text Current Approaches Sub-optimal • should be closer together. • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs Solution: The Spiral. AT A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test • Deformation (mm) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side • Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • Deformation (mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Conclusion • B • • • Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Mission statement should be • one sentence; needs emphasis. Load (N) Mission Statement • Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending • Punctuate sentences. Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test Solution: The Spiral. AT A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) “Limited” how? • Load (N) • Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Cut “Currently”; emphasize with bold/color: • “There is no standardized. . . ” B • • • of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • Deformation (mm) impractical for patients with urgent needs Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Load (N) Mission Statement • Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Mission Statement Use different size or bold font for to. Artificial Trachea Motivation emphasize the Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • • difference • Mechanical Testing between 3 -point bending test • regular text and Label image Current Approaches Sub-optimal figure caption. • and cut caption • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs Solution: The Spiral. AT A Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending Deformation (mm) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample What about the other Compression test prototypes? B • • • Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point • Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Conclusion • • • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Biocompatibility Load (N) We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure • Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Word choice? Dimensions? Design Objectives We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat Consider placing • Design Objectives • before your Solution. Current Approaches Sub-optimal tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs Solution: The Spiral. AT A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test • Deformation (mm) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side • Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • Deformation (mm) of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • B • • • Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point • Load (N) Mission Statement • • • Design doesn’t address this Biocompatibility Testing issue. • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Mission Statement We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Biocompatibility Stable and Sufficient Vascularization Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area > 90% of tissue vascularized 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test Solution: The Spiral. AT A Load (N) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • • Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side • Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • Deformation (mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Use too Conclusion many sig • figs? Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) B of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration 2 r; • Deformation (mm) impractical for patients with urgent needs Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Multiple tests for multiple prototypes • Specific Size Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • Tests and results are buried in captions. Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements Separate the testing of prototypes. We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com Design Objectives Good spacing Mission Statement We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution of bullets here, but use different style for sub-bullets. Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Load (N) Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side • Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture Caption font & line spacing References should be smaller. • Deformation (mm) of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) B • • • Deformation (mm) Solution: The Spiral. AT Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point Mechanical Testing Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs Biocompatibility Testing Avoid jargon. 3 -point bending test Lots of space for something not done. • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending Solution: The Spiral. AT A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) • Too many words obscure key point. Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References Is it like in the body? • Load (N) Compression test Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) • Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Evidence? Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Conclusion 3 -point bending test B • • • of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Mechanical Testing Deformation (mm) impractical for patients with urgent needs Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point • Load (N) Mission Statement • Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Spiral. AT@aim. com We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Motivation for Artificial Trachea Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in nearby throat • tissues, 25 -50% will develop into secondary tracheal cancer Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical trauma Currently, there is no standardized solution Current Approaches Sub-optimal • Tracheal resection: limited for secondary tumors • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions of effectiveness • Case-by-case artificial trachea: multi-staged surgeries, Scar tissue < 10% of total surface area Stable and Sufficient Vascularization > 90% of tissue vascularized Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter 6 cm length Functional Range of Motion Flexibility in flexion/extension (flex/ext) and lateral bending Solution: The Spiral. AT A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists of 2 separate components, a polyethylene helical support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell (B) Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point • Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test Could use smaller font for Acknowledgments and References. Fig. 2. Simulation of flex/ext using a tennis ball covered crosshead to distribute the force across a wide area of the sample • • Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows increasing BLANK (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Load (N) Compression test B Ready for immediate implantation Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral bending using an angled wedge attached to upper crosshead used to focus compressive force on one side Fig. 5. Increasing load results in elastic deformation for flex/ext and lateral bending (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) Add Brown Foundation Teaching Grant. Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene helical structures for stability and a polypropylene mesh for good tissue integration Preliminary tests show that the Spiral. AT allows for flexible motion without any permanent deformation or fracture References • Bullets are different sizes. of the trachea Qualitative endoscopy • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation • Granulation tissue formation • Wound dehiscence • Tracheal extrusion/migration Conclusion • Deformation (mm) impractical for patients with urgent needs • • • Biocompatibility Load (N) Mission Statement • Biocompatibility Testing Design Objectives • • • Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 2016 Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Freeprefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 American Cancer Society 2006 Acknowledgements We’re grateful for the support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. Michael Liebschner, Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Cain Project, and Rice University’s Dept. of Bioengineering.

Revised poster. . .

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Team. Hussain, T. I. N. Y. , Nicole Rice University Department of Insiya Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Theodore John, Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Spiral. AT@aim. com A) Single Spiral Rice We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is ready for immediate implantation We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: through a single-step surgical procedure. • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Stable and Sufficient Vascularization Design Concept Solution: The Spiral. AT Design Objectives Dimensions 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists 6 cm length of 2 separate components, Functional Range of Flexibility in flexion/extension a polyethylene helical Motion (flex/ext) and lateral bending support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total (B) surface area • Helical geometry provides stability and flexibility. • Exterior casing promotes tissue integration. • Fig. 1. The three versions of the Spiral. AT have different structures and are made of Functional Rangeconsists of Flexibility in flexion/extension different materials. Each version of 2 components, a helical support structure and a shell. Motion (flex/ext) and lateral bending Mechanical Testing 3 -point bending test Mechanical Testing • Load (N) Double Spiral DPT k = 0. 65 N/mm Deformation (mm) Single Spiral DPT k = 0. 10 N/mm Fig. 2. Simulation of Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows Fig. 2. Simulation flex/extofusing a using tennisa ball increasing BLANK (crosshead Deformation (mm) tennis ball covered crosshead to covered crosshead Fig. 3. Single Spiral Rice was themax stiffest, followed by distribute the force across a wideto speed=20 mm/min, Double Spiral DPT and Single Spiral DPT. Adding an area of thedistribute sample the force across extension=10 mm) additional helix to the Single Spiral DPT increased a wide area of the sample stiffness. (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max Compression test extension=10 mm) Single Spiral Rice k = 7. 3 N/mm Compression test • • Double Spiral DPT k = 0. 16 N/mm • • Single Spiral DPT Fig. 5. Increasing load results k = 0. 011 N/mm Deformation (mm) Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext in elastic deformation for lateral bending using an flex/ext and lateral bending angled wedge attached to Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral Deformation (mm) bending using angled wedge (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, upperancrosshead used to focus Fig. 5. Increasing load resulted in elastic deformation. attached to upper crosshead used mm)Single Spiral DPT. Double max Spiralextension=10 DPT was stiffer than compressive force on one side to focus compressive force on one side (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 mm) by measuring cross-sectional area at the most • Measuring cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point. of the trachea • Qualitative endoscopy of tissue ingrowth and Qualitative endoscopy dehiscence. • Tissue ingrowth • Inflammation Fig. 6. Post-operative • Granulation tissue formation examination of an • Wound dehiscence artificial trachea in Fig. canine 6. Post-operative throat • Tracheal extrusion/migration examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Conclusion Single Spiral Rice k = 1. 2 N/mm 3 -point bending test B > 90% of tissue vascularized Stable and Sufficient • Ready for immediate implantation Vascularization • Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Design Components • Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration • Synthetic materials allow immediate use. > 90% of tissue vascularized Load (N) • Radiation is not fully reliable because studies Current Approaches Sub-optimal show inconsistent outcomes in effectiveness. • Tracheal resection: artificial limitedtracheas for secondary tumors • Case-by-case have been built, • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions effectiveness but require multi-staged surgeries of that are impracticalartificial for patients withmulti-staged urgent needs. • Case-by-case trachea: surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs There is no standardized solution. polyethylene Biocompatibility Studies in Canines Future Clinical Studies in Canines • Quantitative analysis of skin integration • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration polypropylene Specific Sizepolypropylene 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter mesh 6 cm length Load (N) tissues, 25 -50% trauma. will develop into secondary tracheal cancer and physical • Current Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical Approaches Sub-optimal trauma • Tracheal resection is limited because • Currently, there is after no standardized reconstruction resection issolution not feasible. polyethylene C) Double Spiral DPT Scarpolyethylene tissue < 10% of total surface area Load (N) Motivation for Artificial Trachea B) Single Spiral DPT polyethylene Biocompatibility Motivation for Spiral. AT Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant. • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in Clinicalnearby Significance of Tracheal Replacement throat tissues, 25 -50% will develop into • 90%secondary of primarytrachealcancers are malignant • Of • the 90, 000 new suffer cases/year cancers in nearby throat Other patients from of congenital defects Biocompatibility Testing Future Work Solution: The Spiral. AT Design Objectives Mission Statement • Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery • Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene double-helical polyethylenestructure helical structure for stability and a polypropylene mesh s mesh for good integration for tissue good tissue integration. The Double Spiral DPTthat is the promising. Preliminary tests show the most Spiral. AT allows for flexible • Testing: The Spiral. AT allows fororflexible motion without any permanent deformation fracture motion without any permanent deformation or fracture. References Acknowledgements Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A We’re grateful for H, the. Lyons support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. tissue-engineering for Dr. vascularized laryngotracheal Michaeltechnique Liebschner, Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 201 reconstruction, Koay, Cain Project, Rice University’s Department of 6 Bioengineering, and the Brown Foundation Teaching Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Free. Grant. prefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 D, • Glatzand F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas American Cancer Society 2006 Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 201 -6 • Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Free-prefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method forsupport reconstruction following We’re grateful for the of Dr. Peirong Yu, extended Dr. Michael Liebschner, hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. Cain. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Project, and Rice • US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer University’s Dept. of Bioengineering. Statistics 2002 • American Cancer Society 2006 References Acknowledgements

Spiral. AT: First Generation Artificial Trachea Theodore John, Insiya Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Team. Hussain, T. I. N. Y. , Nicole Rice University Department of Insiya Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas Theodore John, Hussain, Nicole Campuzano, and Yoon Kim Spiral. AT@aim. com Motivation for Artificial Trachea tissues, 25 -50% trauma. will develop into secondary tracheal cancer and physical • Current Other patients suffer from congenital defects and physical Approaches Sub-optimal trauma • Tracheal resection is limited because • Currently, there is after no standardized reconstruction resection issolution not feasible. • Radiation is not fully reliable because studies Current Approaches Sub-optimal show inconsistent outcomes in effectiveness. • Tracheal resection: artificial limitedtracheas for secondary tumors • Case-by-case have been built, • Radiation: studies vary in conclusions effectiveness but require multi-staged surgeries of that are impracticalartificial for patients withmulti-staged urgent needs. • Case-by-case trachea: surgeries, impractical for patients with urgent needs There is no standardized solution. Design Concept Solution: The Spiral. AT Design Objectives Dimensions 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter A Fig. 1. The Spiral. AT consists 6 cm length of 2 separate components, Functional Range of Flexibility in flexion/extension a polyethylene helical Motion (flex/ext) and lateral bending support structure (A) and a polypropylene mesh shell Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total (B) surface area B > 90% of tissue vascularized Stable and Sufficient • Ready for immediate implantation Vascularization • Helical geometry provides increased stability and rigidity Design Components • Porous mesh allows for enhanced tissue integration • Synthetic materials allow immediate use. • Helical geometry provides stability and flexibility. • Exterior casing promotes tissue integration. B) Single Spiral DPT polyethylene C) Double Spiral DPT polyethylene polypropylene mesh Fig. 6. Post-operative examination of an artificial trachea in canine throat Fig. 1. The three versions of the Spiral. AT have different structures and are made of different materials. Each version consists of 2 components, a helical support structure and a shell. Single Spiral Rice k = 1. 2 N/mm 3 -point bending test • • Need: Readily implantable, tracheal replacement performed in a single-step surgery • Solution: Standardized artificial trachea unit that comprises a polyethylene double-helical polyethylenestructure helical structure for stability and a polypropylene mesh s mesh for good integration for tissue good tissue integration. The Double Spiral DPTthat is the promising. Preliminary tests show the most Spiral. AT allows for flexible • Testing: The Spiral. AT allows fororflexible motion without any permanent deformation fracture motion without any permanent deformation or fracture. Switching the order • of the sections devoted to Design Concept and Solution • provides a more logical sequence. Fig. 3. Increasing BLANK shows Double Spiral DPT k = 0. 65 N/mm Load (N) Clinical Significance of Tracheal Replacement • 90% of primary tracheal cancers are malignant. • Of the 90, 000 new cases/year of cancers in Clinicalnearby Significance of Tracheal Replacement throat tissues, 25 -50% will develop into • 90%secondary of primarytrachealcancers are malignant • Of • the 90, 000 new suffer cases/year cancers in nearby throat Other patients from of congenital defects A) Single Spiral Rice Deformation (mm) Single Spiral DPT k = 0. 10 N/mm Fig. 2. Simulation of Fig. 2. Simulation flex/extofusing a using tennisa ball increasing BLANK (crosshead Deformation (mm) tennis ball covered crosshead to covered crosshead Fig. 3. Single Spiral Rice was themax stiffest, followed by distribute the force across a wideto speed=20 mm/min, Double Spiral DPT and Single Spiral DPT. Adding an area of thedistribute sample the force across extension=10 mm) additional helix to the Single Spiral DPT increased a wide area of the sample stiffness. (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max References images and Acknowledgements Great juxtaposition of the graphs in Mechanical Testing. However, Compression test presenting the results as captions under the graphs diminishes their prominence References and makes it harder to determine Fig. 5. Increasing load results Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext whether yourfordesign achieved what you in elastic deformation lateral bending using an Acknowledgements flex/ext and lateral bending angled wedge attached to set tospeed=20 do. mm/min, (crosshead upper crosshead used to focus out extension=10 mm) Single Spiral Rice k = 7. 3 N/mm Load (N) Motivation for Spiral. AT a mission Biocompatibility Testing Future Work Biocompatibility Studies in Canines Future Clinical Studies in Canines statement from the original text bullets. Biocompatibility Scar tissue < 10% of total • Quantitative analysis of skin flap integration • Quantitative analysis of extent of skin flap integration surface area by measuring cross-sectional area at the most Bold text treatment works • Measuringwell. cross-sectional area at the most stenotic point. Stable and Sufficient > 90% of tissue vascularized of the trachea • Qualitative endoscopy of tissue ingrowth and Vascularization Definition of the problem affected • Qualitativeand endoscopy dehiscence. • Tissue ingrowth Specific Size 3. 3 -3. 5 cm diameter population Using red text • Inflammation 6 cm length is effective. • Granulation tissue formation Functional Range of Flexibility in flexion/extension to need • Wound calls attention for dehiscence Motion (flex/ext) and lateral bending Fig. 6. Post-operative • Tracheal extrusion/migration Mechanical Testing standardization, which is one of your examination of an artificial 3 -point bending test trachea in canine throat Mechanical Testing primary design goals. Conclusion Load (N) We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is ready for immediate implantation We aim to provide the first artificial trachea unit that is: through a single-step surgical procedure. • Ready for immediate implantation in life-threatened patients • Performed in a single-step surgical procedure Nice formulating Solution: The job Spiral. AT Design Objectives Load (N) Mission Statement • • Double Spiral DPT k = 0. 16 N/mm Deformation (mm) • Single Spiral DPT • k = 0. 011 N/mm Fig. 4. Simulation of flex/ext lateral Deformation (mm) bending using an angled wedge Fig. 5. Increasing load resulted in elastic deformation. attached to upper crosshead used mm)Single Spiral DPT. Double max Spiralextension=10 DPT was stiffer than compressive force on one side to focus compressive force on one (crosshead speed=20 mm/min, max extension=10 side mm) Glatz F, Neumeister M, Suchy S, Damikas D, Mowlavi A. , A We’re grateful for H, the. Lyons support of Dr. Peirong Yu, Dr. tissue-engineering for Dr. vascularized laryngotracheal Michaeltechnique Liebschner, Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 201 reconstruction, Koay, Cain Project, Rice University’s Department of 6 Bioengineering, and the Brown Foundation Teaching Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Free. Grant. prefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method for reconstruction following extended hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 US Dept of Health Human Services Cancer Statistics 2002 D, • Glatzand F, Neumeister M, Suchy H, Lyons S, Damikas American Cancer Society 2006 Mowlavi A. , A tissue-engineering technique for vascularized laryngotracheal reconstruction, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb; 129(2): 201 -6 • Fujiwara T, Maeda M, Kuwae K, Nakagawa T, Nakao K. , Free-prefabricated auricular composite graft: a new method forsupport reconstruction following We’re grateful for the of Dr. Peirong Yu, extended Dr. Michael Liebschner, hemilaryngectomy, Br J Plast Surg. Cain. 2005 Mar; 58(2): 153 -7 Dr. Maria Oden, Kevin Bowen, Eugene Koay, Project, and Rice • US Dept of Health and Human Services Cancer University’s Dept. of Bioengineering. Statistics 2002 • American Cancer Society 2006