Post WWI Diplomacy Fourteen Points During WWI President

Post WWI Diplomacy

Fourteen Points § During WWI, President Wilson tried to shape the peace settlement. § Some of the broader ideas: § Many territorial questions § Recognition of Freedom of the seas § End of secret treaties § Reduce national armies and navies § Self-determination of many nationalities in Europe § General association of nations (what would become League of Nations )

Treaty of Versailles § President Wilson came to defend his Fourteen Points § Many of his ideas were included § Germany had to admit guilt for the war and pay Reparations § Article X – established the League of Nations

Battle for the Treaty in the Senate § Irreconcilables § Reservationists § Could not accept membership into the League of Nations no matter what. § Led by Henry Cabot Lodge § Would not vote for it at all § Would accept it if certain provisions were added § President Wilson chose to fight this and it would be the downfall of the treaty. § Treaty was rejected and the U. S. never joined the League.

Isolationists? § Washington Conference (1921) § Naval disarmament US – 5 Britain – 5 Japan – 3 France – 1. 67 Italy – 1. 67 § How did this plan actually help Japan in the Pacific? § Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) § Idea led by Jane Addams (won Nobel Prize) § Renounced War as an instrument of foreign policy § Signed by 62 nations § Failed to provide for action against violators

Dawes Plan § (Not Dawes Act with Indians – but Dawes Plan) § Cycle of payments flowing from U. S. to Germany and from Germany to the allies (Reparations). Britain and France then used money to pay back loans from U. S. in WWI. § Stock Market crash in 1929 stopped the U. S. loans and made recession worse in Europe. § Effects: Many Europeans resented what they saw as U. S. greed, while many Americans saw more reasons to be isolationists in the 1930 s.

Early 1930 s § Good Neighbor Policy § (actually started by Hoover) § Roosevelt improved relations with Western Hemisphere nations § Benefited the U. S. during WWII as we did not have threats here (no Zimmerman) § Amendment proposed to make Declaration of War a referendum vote What does this show? § Recognition of Soviet Union § During the Red Scare, Republican Presidents of the 1920 s refused diplomatic recognition § Roosevelt does in 1933 (says to boost trade), would be an ally in WWII § Mainly Isolationist – overall attitude

Mid 1930 s § As events in Europe and China unfolded the U. S. reacted in a mainly isolationist fashion. § Neutrality Acts (of 1935, 36, 37) § America First Committee – spoke out against the U. S. getting involved in WWII (before Pearl Harbor). Included Charles Lindbergh § Spanish Civil War and Munich Conference – U. S. did not get involved and indirectly helped the Fascists become more powerful

Links § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=bcr. Rrst 1 i 0 g – little hitler § http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=jo 87 Q 1 Y 48 ws – Kellogg-Briand pact

Reflection Questions § How did the 1 st World War effect the U. S. and how it dealt with international policy during the 1920 s and 1930 s? § In what ways did the United States have a false sense of security with its post-WWI foreign policy? § How did the U. S. both create and kill the League of Nations? § What did the U. S. do that helped create the 2 nd World War?