Post Darwinian Developments III Paleontology A Intermediate Fossils

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Post Darwinian Developments III. Paleontology A. Intermediate Fossils

Post Darwinian Developments III. Paleontology A. Intermediate Fossils

FISH AMPHIBIANS Ichthyostega - Fins and gill covers (FISH) - Feet (AMPHIBIANS) XXX -

FISH AMPHIBIANS Ichthyostega - Fins and gill covers (FISH) - Feet (AMPHIBIANS) XXX - After fish, before amphibians (just where evolution predicts it should be)

D. Devonian (417 -354 mya) - Placoderms - Sharks - Lobe-finned Fishes 365 mya

D. Devonian (417 -354 mya) - Placoderms - Sharks - Lobe-finned Fishes 365 mya 385 mya

Eusthenopteron

Eusthenopteron

Panderichthys rhombolepis

Panderichthys rhombolepis

Tiktaalik roseae

Tiktaalik roseae

Acanthostega gunnari

Acanthostega gunnari

Ichthyostega sp.

Ichthyostega sp.

Archeopteryx - Fingers, teeth, tail (Reptiles) -Feathers (birds) - After reptiles, before birds (just

Archeopteryx - Fingers, teeth, tail (Reptiles) -Feathers (birds) - After reptiles, before birds (just where evolution predicts it should be) REPTILES XXX BIRDS

Therapsids REPTILES MAMMALS - Mammalian skeleton - Intermediate ear - scales XXX - After

Therapsids REPTILES MAMMALS - Mammalian skeleton - Intermediate ear - scales XXX - After reptiles, before mammals (just where evolution predicts it should be)

Mammals from the Jurassic (185 mya) Therapsids from the Permian (280 mya) to the

Mammals from the Jurassic (185 mya) Therapsids from the Permian (280 mya) to the Triassic (200 mya) Pelycosaur Reptiles of the Carboniferous (300 mya)

Australopithecines Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecines Australopithecus afarensis

Teeth

Teeth

Legs

Legs

Skulls

Skulls

Australopithecines - bipedal (human trait) - chimp-sized cranial volume APES HUMANS - After apes,

Australopithecines - bipedal (human trait) - chimp-sized cranial volume APES HUMANS - After apes, before humans (just where evolution predicts it should be) XXX

Post Darwinian Developments III. Paleontology A. Intermediate Fossils B. A test of four hypotheses

Post Darwinian Developments III. Paleontology A. Intermediate Fossils B. A test of four hypotheses using fossils

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do species come from? 1. Four Alternate Hypotheses A. B. A B C D C. A B C D D. A B C D E F F E F G H G

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do species come from? A. A B C D 2. Testing Hypotheses in an experiment: - if ‘A’ is true, then we should see the same species in all layers of the fossil record. A B C D

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do species come from? B. A B C D E F 2. Testing Hypotheses in an experiment: - if ‘B’ is true, then we should see different species in the layers of the fossil record, but no intermediates.

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do species come from? C. A B C D E F G H 2. Testing Hypotheses in an experiment: - if ‘C’ is true, then we should see different species in the layers of the fossil record, intermediates (E A) but no shared intermediates (linking A and B).

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do

Question 1: There are many kinds of life forms (species) on Earth. Where do species come from? D. A B C D E F G 2. Testing Hypotheses in an experiment: - if ‘D’ is true, then we should see different species in the layers of the fossil record, and shared intermediates (linking A and B).

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * Fossils differ from species alive today

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * Fossils differ from species alive today (refutes ‘A’)

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * There are sequences of intermediate fossils

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * There are sequences of intermediate fossils (refutes ‘B’)

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * There are “linking species” – (refutes

- RESULTS: Data from the physical world: * There are “linking species” – (refutes ‘C’) FISH AMPHIBIANS Ichthyostega - Fins and gill covers (FISH) - Feet (AMPHIBIANS) XXX - After fish, before amphibians (just where evolution predicts it should be)

Conclusion: Hypotheses A, B, and C are refuted by physical evidence, and hypothesis D

Conclusion: Hypotheses A, B, and C are refuted by physical evidence, and hypothesis D is supported. This is the Theory of Evolution by Common Ancestry A. B. A B C D C. A B C D D. A B C D E F F E F G H G