Post Classical Period 600 CE1450 CE Parker Claire

Post Classical Period 600 CE-1450 CE Parker, Claire and Spencer

Interactions ● Landholding aristocracies were the dominant class ● Middle East was mainly Islamic ● Europe remained Christian ● The Bubonic Plague

Americas and East Asia ● ● ● Fall of the Han Spread of Neo-Confucianism Sinification in Chinese areas of influence Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties Aztecs and Incas develop

Africa and Southeast Asia ● Introduction to Islam ● Rise of West African kingdoms (Ghana, Mali, Songhay) ● Indian ocean trade, Sub-saharan trade ● Origins of Hinduism ● Establishment of Delhi Sultanate

Interactions in the Arab World ● ● ● Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates The crusades Rise of the Ottomans Mongols take territory Sunni vs. Shi’a

Cities ● Acted as urban centers along caravan trade ● Timbuktu ● Constantinople ● Baghdad ● Ghana, Mali, Songhay

Feudalism ● European: Power in hands of different lords Feudal contracts, European worker soldiers, provide military service ● Japanese: At first aristocrats used as military, practice of Seppuku, Peasants act as serfs, treated as property, work on lord’s land

Religious gender roles ● Christianity: Spiritually equal, religious communities for women ● Islam: Gave women inheritance, women secluded from public, patriarchal society ● China: Footbinding in the Song dynasty, patriarchial society

Occurrences After the Fall of the Roman Empire ● Byzantine formed in place of the eastern half because of a larger and more defensible military ● Bubonic plague ● Shift in trade dominance to western Europe ● Rise of new empires, like Kieven Rus, France, and England ● Split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox christianity

Trans-Saharan Trade ● Traded salt, gold, and ivory ● West african kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay ● Timbuktu was a major trading city ● Camels used for trade over routes ● Muslim merchants spread islam

Indian Ocean Trade ● Mainly bulk goods traded ● Trade between south east Asia, India, Arabia and Swahili coast of Africa ● Items like cotton, spices, gold, ivory and timber ● Maritime trade ● Lateen sails created for monsoon winds

Silk Road Trade ● Connected China to Middle East, Africa and Europe ● Luxury items like silk, porcelain, salt, and gold ● Land trade with caravans ● Constantinople ● Mongols took control of trade route

Missionary Outreach ● Islam spread to Africa by merchants on trade routes ● Christianity spread to Ethiopia ● Crusades spread christianity throughout Europe and the Middle East ● Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism had missionaries throughout Asia

Impact of the Mongol Empire ● Silk road trade was protected and encouraged ● Created the largest land empire in the world ● Golden Horde formed the Il-Khanate ● Spread of the Bubonic plague ● Revival of Confucianism in China

Significant Terms ● Arab Caliphates- A group of people in the Islamic state ● Syncretism- Blending of cultural elements, often facilitated through trade ● Feudalism- Political system where nobles offered protection and land for service in agriculture ● Manorialism- Economic system where lords offered land for people to work in exchange for large taxes on food

Significant Terms ● Crusades-Holy wars prompted by the pope to take back land in the Middle East ● Vikings- A group of people from Scandinavia that dominated native people, founded Kievan Rus, but were later conquered by… The Mongols ● Mongol Expansion- Mongols conquered China, Kievan Rus and Persia ● Indian Ocean Trade- Trade in Indian Ocean involving India, China, the Swahili Coast, and Pacific Islands

Significant Terms ● Papacy- Head of Catholic Church that makes religious decisions ● Neoconfucianism- Synthesis of Confucianism and Buddhism that reinforced gender and class distinctions ● Civil Service Exams- Test taken by young noble to be included in bureaucracy ● Sinification- Spread of Chinese culture, most apparent in Korea, Vietnam and Japan

Asia: ● Sinification ● Mongol Expansion ● Rise of Islam ● Hinduism ● Indian Ocean Trade ● Silk Road Trade Africa: ● Spread of Islam ● Swahili Coast ● Sub Saharan Trade ● Christianity ● West African Kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, Songhay Americas: ● Aztecs ● Incas ● Tenochtitlan ● Trade with Polynesia ● Agriculture based Europe: ● Byzantine ● Kieven Rus ● Crusades ● Eastern Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic ● Bubonic Plague

Summary ● Rise of Islam- Spread through trade routes ● Plague- Killed close to half of the world population ● Mongols- Expand to half of Afro. Eur. Asia ● Sinification-Spread of Chinese Culture ● Indian Ocean Trade- Used Monsoon winds to trade bulk goods overseas

Important Dates ● 750 -1258 ce: Abbasid dynasty ● 960 -1279 ce: Song dyansty ● 1054 ce: Split between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic ● 1096 ce: First crusade ● 1211 ce: Beginning of Mongol Conquests ● 1289 ce: Founding of the Ottomans ● 1325 ce: Founding of Tenochtitlan by the Aztecs