Ports 101 An Industry Perspective Prepared by American
‘Ports 101’ - An Industry Perspective Prepared by American Association of Port Authorities July 2007
Ports Connect Us With The World
Ports Are Dynamic Transportation Hubs
Ports Are Economic Engines • In 2000, 5 million people in U. S. were employed in port -related jobs, earning $44 billion annually • In 2000, port-related businesses generated over $16 billion a year in federal, state, local taxes • Port activity contributes nearly $750 billion to GNP
Ports Are Environmental Stewards
No Two Ports Are Alike Port of Long Beach (California) Port of Benton (Washington)
Port Governance l l There are public- and privately-owned ports All AAPA member ports are public Public ports part of state, bi-state, county or city government, or special district Public ports run by elected or appointed boards with professional staff
Landlord vs. Operating Ports l l Landlord ports lease their marine facilities Operating ports operate their own facilities Limited operating ports do some of both Most public ports use stevedores to hire and supervise longshore labor
Cargo Ports, Cruise Ports, Combo Ports ← Cargo ports serve freight Cruise ports serve people → ← Many serve both →
Ports Handle Many Types Of Cargo Bulk cargoes like grain, petroleum and fertilizers Ro-Ro cargoes like automobiles, tractors and military vehicles Breakbulk cargoes like roll paper, baled cotton and steel rail Containerized cargoes like food electronics and textiles
How Are Ports Developed? l Through Federal/State/Local Partnerships – – U. S. ports plan, fund their own facilities Private investors help, such as terminal operators
How Are Ports Developed? l Federal government controls and funds navigation channel maintenance; cost-shares deepening projects l State and local governments, with money from federal Highway Trust Fund, pay for road access to/from terminals
How Are Ports Developed? l Population growth, development creating land use pressures for ports – – Coastal populations expected to grow 60% by 2010 Competing demands for non-maritime waterfront uses
How Are Ports Funded? l l l Port Revenues General Obligation Bonds Revenue Bonds Loans Grants Other Sources
Ports Are National Assets l l Each state relies on 13 -15 ports Seaports handle 99% of U. S. overseas (non. NAFTA) cargo tonnage Annual freight volumes through U. S. ports exceed 2. 6 billion tons International trade expected to reach one-third of GDP by 2020, up from 13% in 1970
Ports Are Vital To The Military l Many ports have agreements with the federal government to serve needs of military l 19 U. S. ports listed as militarily “strategic” l Efficient supply chain logistics at U. S. ports help reduce costs of moving military cargo
Key Port Challenge: Cargo Volume Gains
Key Port Challenge: Terminal Congestion l Marine terminals are the hub for inbound and outbound cargoes l Ships getting bigger, necessitating terminal infrastructure investments to handle them
Key Port Challenge: Landside Congestion l l l Trucks/trains need unobstructed port access Marine transportation system offers good alternative where feasible National Freight Policy “framework” needs appropriations, more federal involvement
Key Port Challenge: Waterside Congestion l l Unresolved federal funding questions delaying critical navigation projects Harbor Maintenance Trust Fund is growing, along with backlog of navigation maintenance needs Corps of Engineers’ Civil Works Program funding is dwindling as ships are getting bigger New water resources bill imperative to maintain/improve America’s navigation system
Key Port Challenge: Seaport Security • Seaport security must continue to be a top priority • Ports have spent hundreds of millions of dollars to protect facilities against terrorism • Port Security Grant program under-funded sinception • Congress must fully appropriate SAFE Port Act provisions
Key Port Challenge: Improving the Coastal Environment AAPA members are taking a leadership role in improving the coastal environment by: • Voluntarily reducing diesel emissions • Advocating ratification of MARPOL Annex VI to limit vessel emissions • Urging national & international ballast water management programs Port of Long Beach executives promote program to reduce marine terminal tractor exhausts • Adopting Environmental Management Systems (EMS)
Summary: Ports & Communities Are Allies • Port communities are important players and partners with ports in meeting industry challenges • We look forward to working together to address our mutual needs
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