Portland Limestone Blended Cement Karl Zipf Del DOT

Portland - Limestone Blended Cement Karl Zipf Del. DOT - 2014

The following is an edited presentation from the Portland Cement Association This is not an endorsement for the PCA Del. DOT does not have any test data to verify their claims.

Portland-Limestone Blended Cements

Portland-Limestone Cement n What is a PLC? n Type IL blended cement in ASTM C 595/AASHTO M 240 § 5% to 15% limestone by mass § Ternary cements n Why the proposal? n Option to implement proven technology to obtain desired performance and improve sustainability of concrete

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Increases plant capacity Reduces carbon footprint Saves energy

Energy to Produce Cement

Environmental Benefits - CO 2

History of Limestone in Cements n 1965 Cement with 20% limestone in Germany for specialty applications n 1979 French cement standards allows limestone additions. n 1983 CSA A 5 allows up to 5% limestone in portland cement n 1990 15± 5% limestone blended cements routinely used in Germany n 1992 UK specs allows up to 20% in limestone cement n 2000 EN 197 -1 allows 5% MAC (typ. limestone) in all 27 common cements, as was commonly practiced in various European cement standards prior to that. n 2000 EN 197 -1 creates CEM II/A-L (6 -20%) and CEM II/B-L (21 -35%) n 2004 ASTM C 150 allows 5% in Types I-V n 2006 CSA A 3001 allows 5% in other Types than GU n 2007 AASHTO M 85 allows 5% in Types I-V n 2008 CSA A 3001 includes PLC containing 5%-15% limestone

European Cement Use Cembureau data

Why 15%?

How Limestone Works n Particle packing n Improved particle size distribution n The same effect with packing can be had be be had with fly ash.

How Limestone Works n Nucleation n Surfaces for precipitation n Any small particle will act as nucleation sites.

Performance: Strength

Performance: RCPT T 277/C 1202 No change

ASR Resistance

Field Trials – T 277/C 1202

AASHTO M 240 & ASTM C 595 Requirements n Type IL—Portland-limestone blended cement n Example: Type IL(10) = 10% limestone n Type IT—Ternary blended cement with limestone n Example 1: Type IT(L 10)(P 10) = 10% limestone and 10% pozzolan n Example 2: Type IT(S 15)(L 10) = 15% slag and 10% limestone n Limestone content 5% to 15%

AASHTO M 240 & ASTM C 595 Requirements n Same physical requirement as existing C 595/M 240 cement types n Chemical require changes– sulfate content, LOI n Sulfate resistance – no MS or HS in initial ballot n Limestone quality specs – %Ca. CO 3, MBI, TOC n Not all cement quarries will have limestone that meets the standard.

Requirements for Limestone for Use in Type IL – Cannot add agriculture limestone to Portland cement Test Method Limit C 114/T 105 Min. 70% Methylene blue index See Annex A 2 Max. 1. 2 g/100 g Total organic carbon See Annex A 3 Max. 0. 5% Ca. CO 3 content

Additional Information n Cement fineness is 480 -500. Limestone is more friable than clinker in grinding and particle size is controlled to control set and strength. n PCA claims that higher fineness does not affect water demand. n Limestone is inert and does not react. n Several states have already approved Type IL n There is no price benefit in using PLC. n PLC can be available in this area

Portland Limestone Blended Cement in ASTM C 595 and Thank you! M 240 Presented to ASTM AASHTO C 01. 10 December 2010