Porifera Invertebrate Animals Phyla Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria

Porifera Invertebrate Animals Phyla: • Phylum Porifera • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Nematoda Cnidaria Nomura Jellyfish Platyhelminthes Nematoda

Invertebrate Animals • • Phylum Mollusca Phylum Annelida Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Echinodermata Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Annelida Polychete worm

Taxonomy • Kingdom – Animalia • Subkingdom – Parazoa (lacks tissues) • Phylum – Porifera (Pore-bearing)

Branching Tube Sponge

Stove Pipe Sponge

Vase Sponges

Barrel Sponges

Ball Sponges

Rope Sponges

Characteristics o Simplest of all animals o Most are marine o Saltwater sponges - brightly colored o Freshwater sponges - small and dull green color o Size – 2 meters to 2 cm o Skeleton of protein fibers called spongin or spicules.

Sponge Skeletons Silica Spicules Limestone Spicules SPONGIN

Sponge Skeletons SPICULES VENUS FLOWER BASKET

Characteristics o Have pores all over their bodies o Water enters through pores bringing in food and oxygen o Osculum – large opening at the top where excess water leaves o Asymmetrical

WATER OUT Water Flow Through the Sponge WATER IN Osculum

Movement o Sessile as adults (attach to rocks) o Free-swimming larval stage

• Choanocytes line the gastrovascular cavity & capture food • Amebocytes digest & distribute food

Nutrition: o Filter feeders on plankton • Choanocytes (collar cells) line inside of body cavity • Have flagella that spins to pull in water & food • Collar traps plankton (food) from water

o Amebocytes: • Pick up food from choanocytes • Finish digestion • Take food to other cells

https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m 8 a 0 o Ns. DEx 8

Sponge Reproduction o Sponges are hermaphrodites (produce both eggs & sperm) o Sponges reproduce Sexually by releasing eggs & sperm into the water from the osculum o Cross-fertilize each other’s eggs o Form a larva that settles on a rock and grow into an adult sponge Sponge releasing eggs & sperm

Sponge Reproduction o Sponges can regenerate (regrow) lost body parts o Also reproduce asexually by budding and fragmentation (pieces break off & form a new sponge)

Surviving Harsh Conditions Write on the back of the graphic organizer o Gemmules are specialized buds made to survive harsh weather (hot or cold)

o. Contain food, amebocytes, and a protective covering of spicules o. Released when a sponge dies o. Become adult sponge once conditions become favorable