Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus PEDV A threat to

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) A threat to swine production & swine shows! Stan Smith, OSU Extension, Fairfield County Dr. Andrew Bowman, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Dr. Steven J. Moeller, Professor, Department of Animal Sciences

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) A teachable moment and a life lesson in Animal Disease!

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV is NOT? 1. Is not Zoonotic – No disease in humans 2. Is not a food safety concern 3. Is not a new disease – but, new to North America 4. For those who remember TGE PEDv looks like TGEv – but more challenging than TGEv at this time 3

PEDV UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE What is PEDV? • Coronavirus Family of Viruses • 2 Viral strains identified 2 Alpha strains Some variability in effects • First Identified in the US April & May 2013 Rapid spread in hog states Significant piglet losses • Severe diarrhea Dehydration Lack of nutrient uptake = DEATH in PIGLETS 4 Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

Number of Cases By State 3/14/14 Porcine epidemic diarrhea had been found in 27 states as of March 2014 – ODA – 3/19/14 Ohio Swine Health Symposium

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS PEDV in a sow unit DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Why is the Industry Concerned? Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman 6

PEDV Sow Farm Losses UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman 7

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS PEDV DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Signs of PEDV • Severe diarrhea and vomiting • All ages affected – Older pigs less severe • No response to antibiotic treatment • High morbidity, variable mortality • Death = 100% if < 7 d, near 100% < 10 d • Older animals survive but may grow slower, breed less successfully, and shed virus for an extended time • 24 hour to 4 day incubation period • Affected pigs observed very quickly • Spreads through herds very fast

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS PEDV in a Nursery DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE PEDV transmission • Transmitted via fecal-oral route • • Pig to pig contact Infected manure transferred to healthy pigs • Fomites - Things that carry infections • • PIGS PEOPLE TRANSPORT FEED ? ? PEDV

Portals of Disease Entry 1) New Animals Transport 10) Waste Management 2) Semen 3) Feed 4) Supplies 5) Equipment 6) Air 7) Water 11) Dead Disposal Farm & Fair 12) Trash 13) Out-going Animals 8) People 9) Rodents/Birds/Flies Slide from Bob Thompson DVM, , PIC USA March 19, 2014 Ohio Swine Health Symposium

PEDV – Treatment • Supportive care through hydration • Wean all pigs 10 days of age or greater (industry approach) • Nursery environment – allows closer observation and intervention • • Provide clean, dry, draft free environment High quality, plentiful water available – all pig ages Electrolytes – May aid hydration Nursing pigs < 7 d will die, < 10 d a few may live • But, differences in strains in mortality rate – consult veterinarian

PEDV – High Risk Situations? • Variable response by pigs – some could be exposed to the virus and show little to no symptoms, passing to other pigs • High traffic areas • Auctions, Local Butcher Plants, Feed Stores, Shows and Expositions • There have been positive test result from a coffee machine and floors as convenience stores and truck stops across the U. S.

PEDV – Prevention • Youth PQA Plus CCP #2 : BIOSECURITY • Enter CLEAN, leave CLEAN • Wear protective clothing – boots, coveralls, etc. • Clean & Disinfect Everything: clothes, boots, tires, pedals, steering wheels, floor-boards, etc. • Be aware of where you travel - other fairs & farms

Sd. CV UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Another Emerging Disease • Swine Delta Coronavirus • Identified by Ohio Dept. Ag. Reported in Feb, 2014 • Effects are still being studied, more data to come. 15 Courtesy of Matthew Ackerman

Disease Prevention (all diseases) • Establish CLEAN and DIRTY zones on your farm • • • Manage People Movement, Equipment Movement, and Animal (pet and pig) Movement (isolation, acclimation) Keep Clean Zone Clean to prevent movement of disease into herd or out to other herds Manage Dirty Zone to reduce/manage internal movement of disease Clean Dirty

Four Steps to Sanitation • • Cleaning Washing Disinfecting Drying Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Cleaning • • Remove all organic materials Fecal solids, feed, bedding Shovels, brooms, scrapers High pressure sprayers Slides from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Washing • Detergent via a Foamer – Barnstorm or EZ Clean – Let soak 10 -20 minutes – High pressure rinse • Why Foaming Detergents? – Foaming detergents break thru the biofilm left behind after cleaning – Allow visual assessment of coverage – Allows greater contact time on vertical surfaces

Disinfect • Read Product Labels – Wear protective gear if needed • Use at labeled dilution rates • Allow labeled contact times – (10 minutes) • Final rinse (if necessary) • Select disinfectant based upon pathogens present • Rotate disinfectants if needed Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Oxidizing Agents • Virkon-S, Trifectant, Hydrogen Peroxide – – – Fast acting Works in cold temperatures Works in presence of organic material Good for foot baths Can use with a fogger (even in presence of livestock) • Effective against: – – Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria Enveloped viruses Non-enveloped viruses Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Aldehyde Disinfectants • Synergize (glutaraldehyde) – Effective at temperatures just above freezing – Good for trailers in winter • Effective against: – – – Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria Bacterial spores Enveloped viruses Non-enveloped viruses Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Chlorine Releasing Agents Bleach (Clorox) • Effective against most bacteria, viruses, fungi & algae • Disrupts RNA and DNA structure • Several disadvantages: – – Rapidly degraded by organic matter Highly irritating to mucous membranes and eyes Corrode and rust metal Effectiveness greatly reduced below 65 o. F Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

Drying • 12 hours of drying time will destroy most of the remaining pathogens • Helps destroy intrinsically resistant pathogens – Coccidia, Spores, Biofilms • Increase heat and ventilation Slide from Dr. Mike Mull, DVM, Ohio Swine Health Symposium 03/22/14

UNIT ID HERE IN ALL CAPS PEDV Summary DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Additional PEDv Control Measures • COMMUNICATE with neighbors and manure haulers • Barn site and trailer cleanup are critical for reduced transmission • Effective VACCINE control is still a long time out

So, what’s the “life” lesson? Even if we don’t have baby pigs, disease prevention is the ‘right thing’ We’re protecting farms with sows in and around the area! Preventing a ‘break’ now may preserve livestock projects for future Responsible actions may prevent thousands of dollars of losses People pass viruses in similar fashion to animals (especially pigs) Like animals, the youngest children (and oldest adults) are at greatest risk Biosecurity is important in every aspect of life – human and animal These ‘teachable moments’ and ‘life lessons’ are why we are here!

What can club Advisors do? Talk about viruses and how they spread Club activities on ‘biosecurity’ and spreading ‘germs’ Relate the lesson across all species, including people Discuss how ‘germs’ can be spread in public Seize the moment. . . It’s a teachable one!

PEDV Resources National Pork Board Resources = http: //www. pork. org/Research/4316/PEDVResources. aspx#. Uzl 13 sd. KQs. Q Updates = http: //www. pork. org/News/4045/PEDVUpdate. aspx#. Uzl 2 O 8 d. KRn 4 USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Search Swine Disease and follow links American Association of Swine Veterinarians http: //www. aasv. org/