Population Where is it Distributed and Why Ecumene

Population Where is it Distributed and Why?

Ecumene Ecumene: areas of permanent human settlement • Temperate climate regions, land suitable for farming, concentrated around water sources Nonecumene – areas not permanently settled: deserts, polar regions, tropical rainforests, high mountains.

Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 BC - AD 1900 Fig. 2 -3: The ecumene, or the portion of the earth with permanent human settlement, has expanded to cover most of the world’s land area.

Ecumene, 5000 B. C.

Ecumene, A. D. 1

Ecumene, A. D. 1500

Ecumene, A. D. 1900

World Population Distribution & Climate Zones

Population Distribution 75% live on just 5% of the Earth’s surface, and almost humans all live on about 20% of the Earth’s surface

90% of world population lives north of the Equator

66% lives in mid-latitudes (30 -60 o)

66% of world population lives within 300 miles of a coast

75% live on just 5% of the Earth’s surface, and almost humans all live on about 20% of the Earth’s surface

The Top Five Countries: 2011 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) China: 1. 35 billion India: 1. 24 billion United States: 312 million Indonesia: 238 million Brazil: 197 million 6) Pakistan: 177 million 7) *Nigeria: 162 million 8) Bangladesh: 154 million 9) Russia: 143 million 10) Japan: 128 million *Nigeria moved up a place from 8 th into 7 th between 2008 & 2011.

Top 10 (Projected) Countries 2050 India 1. 69 billion 2) China 1. 313 billion 3) Nigeria 433 million 4) US 423 million 5) Pakistan 314 million 6) Indonesia 309 million 7) Bangladesh 226 million 8) Brazil 223 million 9) Ethiopia 174 million 10) Philippines 150 million 1)

Four Great Clusters of World Population

1 st largest concentration East Asia: Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea • 1/5 of world pop here, 2/3 of China in rural areas, ¾ of Japan/Korea in cities

2 nd largest concentration South Asia: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka (2 nd largest concentration) • 1/5 of world pop here–mostly rural, though highly concentrated urban centers

3 rd largest concentration Europe • 1/9 of world pop here– less than 20% farmers, most food imported despite excellent climate (3 rd largest concentration)

4 th largest concentration SE Asia(Islands in between Indian and Pacific Oceans) (4 th largest concentration) • Comprised of mainly farmers in rural areas

Other major clusters… NE US and Canada • “Megalopolis” from Boston, MA to Baltimore, MD West Africa- Especially along South facing Atlantic Coast

World Population Distribution by Region, 1800– 2050 Source: United Nations Population Division, Briefing Packet, 1998 Revision of World Population Prospects; and World Population Prospects, The 2006 Revision.

Asia’s Portion of Total World Pop East Asia: 1, 531, 000 South Asia: 1, 433, 300, 000 Southeast Asia: 548, 000

World Population Cartogram http: //www. worldmapper. org/animations/w m 01 to 02. html

Fig. 2 -1: This cartogram displays countries by the size of their population rather than their land area. (Only countries with 50 million or more people are named. )

Population Densities • Arithmetic Density: total # of objects in an area • Physiological Density: # of persons per unit of arable land • Agricultural Density: # of farmers per unit of farmland

Arithmetic Population Density Fig. 2 -4: Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area. The highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.

Physiological Density Fig. 2 -5: Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area. This is a good measure of the relation between population and agricultural resources in a society.

Agricultural Density

Measures of Population Density

Historical population and future projection