Population Statistics Population Pyramids Population Male Female Population

Population Statistics

Population Pyramids Population Male Female Population in millions pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country.

How to Read a Population Pyramid

Width of the Base A wide base indicates a high birth rate A narrow base shows a low birth rate

Symmetry Pyramids should be symmetrical Any asymmetry shows a difference in the male/female population This pyramid shows more older women, they are living longer than the men

Shape of the Sides Concave sides show high death rate (like this one) Convex sides show low birth rate

Bumps in the Side Irregularities in the sides show anomalies The pyramid on the left shows the Baby Boom bulge The pyramid on the right shows a large number of male migrant workers

Other Causes of Anomalies Effect 22% of disease of adults in Botswana have HIV

Preference for male babies 118 males are born to every 100 females in China

The effect of war Look at how many more old women there are than men in Poland The sudden blip inwards in the Cambodia pyramid shows when the Cambodian Civil War was happening

3 Basic Shapes of Population Pyramids

1) Expansive Pyramid Lots of young people Rapid population growth

2) Constrictive Pyramid Fewer young people Population growth is negative (it’s shrinking)

3) Stationary Pyramid Somewhat equal numbers for most age groups Population growth is neutral/stable/slow

Demographic Transition Model

Stage 1 Birth and death rates are very high Population remains low and stable Poor health care, lack of education for women, lack of birth control Poor areas, isolated areas, pre-Industrial Revolution

Stage 2 Death rate falls due to better health care, medical advancements Birth rate remains high though due to lack of education Population starts to grow rapidly Peru, Sri Lanka

Stage 3 Birth rates start to fall as education spreads, women start working too Death rates continue to fall as health care and quality of life improve Rapid population growth China, Chile

Stage 4 Birth and death rates start to level out Population stabilizes as growth has slowed High standard of living Australia, Canada

Stage 5 Birth rate falls below death rate, population starts to shrink This is happening in places like Japan, where women have decided careers are more important than having children

Problems with the Demographic Transition Model It assumes countries go through these stages in a certain order Ex: some African countries are declining, like in stage 5, but it’s because of HIV/AIDs, not because they’re a highly industrialized country with a high standard of living

Into the Future…

Japan in 2000

Japan in 2025

Japan in 2050

India in 2000

India in 2025

India in 2050

Birth Rate (BR) : the total number of live births per 1, 000 of a population in a year Formula: # of births total population x 1000

Death Rate (DR) : the total number of deaths per thousand people per year Formula: # of deaths total population x 1000

Natural Increase Rate (NIR) BR – DR How much is the population increasing naturally, ie if immigration is not considered

Immigration Rate (IR) : number of immigrants per 1, 000 people per year Immigrant: someone coming INTO the country Formula: # of immigrants total population X 1000

Emigration Rate (ER) : number of emigrants leaving per 1, 000 per year Emigrant: someone leaving the country Formula: # emigrants total population X 1000

Net Migration Rate (NMR) : IR – ER

Population Growth Rate Easier Formula the u o y ive g l l i lt w Both same resu exact (NIR + NMR) x 0. 1 Longer Formula (# Births - # Deaths) + (#Immigrants - #Emigrants) x 100 Population

Why Use Rates? ? In a country with a small population, the impact of a population changes may be greater than a country with a larger population EVEN THOUGH the actual or absolute increase in numbers in greater in the larger country. The rate of change may have a more significant impact.

Doubling Time = the amount of years it takes for a population to double in size We can find the doubling time for a population by using the Rule of 70. = 70 / Growth Rate For example, given Canada's net population growth of 0. 9% in the year 2006, dividing 70 by 0. 9 gives an approximate doubling time of 78 years.