POPULATION PYRAMIDS Objectives WHAT is a population pyramid

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

Objectives § WHAT is a population pyramid? § HOW to read a population pyramid? § Recognise SHAPES of population pyramids. § IMPORTANCE of population pyramids.

WHAT IS A POPULATION PYRAMID? § It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group. l Policy Planning • future housing estates • future schools • future jobs l Comparison with other countries • developed (US) vs developing (India) § Normally Males are on the left side and Females are on the right side § Age categories are in 5 year intervals labeled up the center § Age groups are divided into: - proportion of young people (0 -14 ) - proportion of working people (15 – 59) - proportion of elderly people (60+) § The horizontal axis is measured in numbers appropriate for the country. § Each pyramid tells a story about the past, present & future of a country & its people

What is a population pyramid? Vertical Axis - Age Groups Elderly dependents Working population Young dependents Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number

HOW TO READ A POPULATION PYRAMID? § Read the title e. g. country or city or racial group § Comment on general shape of the pyramid § Note the proportion of people in various age groups § Note the sex ratio § Interpret the data

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATION PYRAMID? § SHAPE OF THE SIDES l Concave (curved in) sides indicates a high death rate and convex (curved out) indicates a low death rate.

Hong Kong 2000 Taiwan 2000

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATION PYRAMID? § WIDTH OF THE BASE l Birth rates varies with the width of the base. A WIDE base indicates high birth rate and a NARROW base indicates low birth rates

Indonesia 2000 Malaysia 2000

WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A POPULATION PYRAMID? § Bumps in the sides or Symmetry l Statistically speaking pyramids should be relatively symmetrical. Any ASYMMETRY indicates a difference in the male and female population. IRREGULARITIES in the sides indicate a demographic difference.

UK 2000 Netherlands 2000

RAPID GROWTH § Population pyramid that has a triangular / pyramid shape § Wide base of this population indicates a HIGH birth rate § Narrow top indicates HIGH death rate § Rapid Growth indicates Lower Standard of living. l l High birth rate due to poor access to lack of birth control, education High death rate due to lack of medication, education, nutrition

SLOW GROWTH § Stable populations are characteristics of high standard of living due to: l l Low birth rate due to good family planning, access to birth control, financial planning, education Low death rate due to good medical care, nutrition, education

NEGATIVE GROWTH § Negative growth population have a narrower base that the reproductive age population § This indicates decrease population trend § Low birth rate reveals a more developed country

COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES § MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES l Countries with high level of development and great deal of technology and manufacturing • Great number of automobiles, doctors, computers, telephones • Low Death Rates • High Standard of Living • Very good Healthcare • Literacy rate in the 90’s • Per Capita incomes $30, 000 and above • Low Birth Rates § United States, Australia, France, Germany, Japan, England

COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES § NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES l Increase in income but standard of living has not improved (barely going through (INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION) REVOLUTION l Medium to Low death rate l Improving standard of living l Improving Health Care l Literacy Rates in the 70% to 80% l Per Capita Incomes rising $10, 000 -$30, 000 l Birth Rate Declining § Brazil, Russia, India, China, Mexico

COMPARISON WITH OTHER COUNTRIES § LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRY l Countries in the process of becoming industrialized, not economically advanced • Concentrated on agriculture, lack investment, small amount of doctors and hospitals • High Death Rate • Low Standard of Living • Poor Health Care • Low Literacy Rates-Below 50% • Low Per Capita Incomes $0$5, 000 • High Birth Rate § Afghanistan, Countries in Africa,