Population Cultural Geography C J Cox Population Terms

Population Cultural Geography C. J. Cox

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

Population Terms F Demography - the study of population characteristics F Overpopulation- when the available resources cannot support the number of people F Density - How many? The total number of people

Population Growth F 0 AD F 1803 AD F 1950 AD F 1987 AD F 1998 AD 250 Million People 1 Billion People 1. 6 Billion People 3. 0 Billion People 5. 0 Billion People 6. 0 Billion People

Population Distribution F Population Concentrations – East Asia – South East Asia – Europe – North America F Sparsely Populated Regions – dry lands – wet lands – high lands – cold lands

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

FArithmetic of Density: The total number people divided by the total land area.

Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area.

FPhysiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

FPhysiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.

F Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Density F Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area. F Physiological Density: The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. F Agricultural Density: The number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture.

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

FCrude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in the society.

FCrude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in the society.

FNatural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Population Characteristics Crude Birth Rate : The total number of live births in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in the society. F Crude Death Rate : The total number of deaths in a year for every 1, 000 people alive in the society. F Natural Increase: The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. F

Population Characteristics Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. F Doubling Time: The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

FInfant Mortality Rate: - the number of deaths of children under the age of 1, per thousand of the general population.

Population Characteristics Life Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. F Population under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency ages F Population over the age of 65 - usually shown as a percentage of the population. dependency age F

FLife Expectancy : The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical

FPopulation under the age of 15 - usually shown as a percentage of the total population of a country - dependency age is 0 -15

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

Population Pyramids F Inverted bar graphs that show a wide population base (younger population) with a narrow top (older population). F Population Pyramids show: – Age Distributions – Dependency Ratios of under 15 and over 65 – Sex Ratio - Male vs. Female

Developing (poor) Relatively Developed (rich)

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

POPULATION PYRAMIDS & DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

Demographic Transition - Stage 1 F Demographic Transition - the change in population characteristics of a country to reflect medical technology or economic and social development. Crude Birth Rate: High 40 -50 / 1, 000 F Crude Death Rate: High 40 -50 / 1, 000 F Natural Increase Rate: None 0 / 1, 000 F Today, no country in the world is in Stage 1. F

Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition - Stage 2 F As medical technology is introduced, a population lives longer as the death rate is lower from the rates of stage one. Crude Birth Rate: High 40+ / 1, 000 F Crude Death Rate: Lower 15 / 1, 000 F Natural Increase Rate: Very High 25+/1, 000 F

Demographic Transition - Stage 3 F As the wealth and education of a country increases, social norms, and use of contraception dictate the birth of fewer children per woman. Crude Birth Rate: Lower F Crude Death Rate: Low F Natural Increase Rate: Low F 20 / 1, 000 10 / 1000

Demographic Transition - Stage 4 F As the final stage in the transition of population characteristics, the fourth stage sees the population increase rate again at 0. This stage reflects a highly industrialized, educated society. Crude Birth Rate: Low F Crude Death Rate: Low F Natural Increase Rate: None F 10 / 1, 000

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

Solutions to Population Growth F Education F Birth Control F Socialization F Abortion F Sterilization F Government mandate F Population redistribution

Solutions to Population Growth F Migration to resource rich areas F Empowerment of Women F $ for contraception & education F Improving farming techniques in poor areas F Sterilization F Educating men w/ responsibility for birth control F Changing cultural norms to value girls

Solutions to Population Growth F Addressing traditional religious values that may encourage gender preference and large families F Starvation F Medical technology - costs of maintaining vulnerable populations (old & young) F Disease F Biological Warfare

Solutions to Population Growth F Redistribution of wealth - improve standard of living for poor so that children aren’t as necessary F Addressing government policies to deal with their growing populations F Environmental pollution causing higher death rates

Population Terms F Population Growth F Population Distribution F Population Density F Population Characteristics F Population Pyramids F Demographic Transition F Solutions to Population Growth F

Population Cultural Geography C. J. Cox