POPULATION and Urban Development Thought Questions 1 What

POPULATION and Urban Development Thought Questions: 1. What things would cause people to leave a certain place? 2. What factors would cause people to move to a certain place?

PUSH & PULL FACTORS The push factor involves a force which acts to drive people away from a place. The pull factor is what draws people to a new location.

Migration – Push & Pull Factors Most people move because of economic or political reasons Pushed from a bad situation Less developed country Pulled to a better situation More developed country, access to resources, better economy People also move from rural to urban areas Huge demand on city infrastructure and economy Job market, living quarters

Urban Development 3 Basic Land Use Patterns Residential – Single family housing and apartments Commercial – Used for private businesses and retail. Industrial - Areas reserved for manufacturing

REGIONS Part of the Earth’s surface that is alike or connected in some way, such as by politics, economics, culture, or environment. 1) Formal Region, 2) Functional Region, and 3) Perceptual Region

DEMOGRAPHY Demography: The study of population Demographer: A person who studies demography Demographics: the statistical data of a population showing age, gender, income, education, etc.

GLOBALIZATION Describes an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a globe-spanning network of communication and trade.

1) Eastern Asia has the greatest concentration of people on Earth – it is centered in China and has 21% of Earth’s population. 2) Southern Asia is the second largest concentration of people – it is centered in India and has 16% of the Earth’s pop.

3) Western Europe is the third largest concentration. In Western Europe people are concentrated near natural resources needed for industry.

4) East Central North America is the fourth largest center concentrated in the NE US and SE Canada. In the US, the chain of cities start from the city of Boston to south of Washington DC. - This is called a megalopolis.

Africa has 12% of the Earth’s population. Largest cluster of people found in the Nile River Valley. Cairo is the largest city in Africa.

South America is lightly populated compared with other continents. Patterns of people live along the edges of the continent – SE Buenos Aires in Argentina, Montevideo in Uruguay, and Rio de Janeiro and Recife in Brazil.

Australia has the fewest number of people. They are concentrated along the eastern and southern coasts. (17. 5 million people total on the entire continent. – as much as the NYC metro area)

North Pole

World Population by Continent

Population Density The number of people in a unit of space Example: 8, 000 people per square mile

Population Issues – The 20 th century world population "explosion, " from 1. 6 billion in 1900 to 6. 1 in 2000, was a direct result of the rapid decline in mortality rates in less developed countries. As death rates declined, life expectancy rose, leading to higher population. Population explosion issues: how to increase food supplies how to make better use of farmland how to improve eating habits and to take advantage of resources how to find new sources of food.

Food Supply The rate of population growth was more than the amount of food produced. More than 13 million to 18 million people die each year because they do not have a good diet. (35, 000 a day; 24 a minute – most are children) More land is needed for agriculture Productive farming methods More productive farming techniques Using new food sources New sources of food Today 90% of the world’s food comes from 15 crops and 7 livestock animals. There are more than 10 million kinds of plants and animals on Earth.

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT & STANDARD OF LIVING

Over Population: the number of people exceeds the resources available in an area Carrying Capacity: the number of organisms a piece of land can support without negative effects.

POPULATION PYRAMIDS

Population Pyramids Graph that shows the percentage of population in certain age groups Separates Male and Female Allows you to make predictions

Deciphering Population Pyramids http: //www. prb. org/Multimedia/Video/2009/distilleddemographics 1. aspx In this first video, "Deciphering Population Pyramids, " PRB senior demographer Carl Haub shows how population pyramids give us a snapshot of a country's demographic profile. But what do they tell us about a country's past and future? "These videos not only show that demography can be exciting, but also highlight how population trends and issues affects the wellbeing of us all, " says Haub. "Fertility, mortality, and migration—along with other demographic issues—play a major role in determining what kind of opportunities and challenges people face in their communities and countries. "

Stage One High Birth Rate High Death Rate Result: slow growth rates Pre-industrial, hunter/gatherer societies in remote areas.

High Birth Rate Stage Two Low or Falling Death Rate Result: Rapid Growth Rate Very LOW Standard of Living Found In Least Developed Countries South America Southern Africa Asia

Stage Three Moderate to High Birth Rate Low Death Rate Result: Explosive Growth Rates Causes a large population increase, but standard of living remains low Developing Countries and the Newly Industrialized Countries Found In Countries: Mexico Southeast Asia Middle East

Stage Four Low birth rates Low death rates Result: slow or no growth rates Population slowly increases, with a high standard of living Developed Countries USA Canada Australia Europe

Stage Five Negative Birth Rate NEGATIVE or NO GROWTH Low Death Rate Result: No growth, even population loss Population begins to shrink, usually has a high standard of living Found In “Post-Developed” Countries Germany Sweden Norway Italy

Rapid, Slow, Zero and Negative Population Growth http: //www. bio. georgiasouthern. edu/bio-home/harvey/lect/images/agestructure. gif