POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT Population density is the average

POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT

• Population density- is the average number of people living in an area , expressed as the number of people per square km • Population distribution- refers to the way in which people are spread out over an area • Population densities can be high, moderate or sparse Can you think of some places in Trinidad where the population density is high? Or low?

The factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the CARIBBEAN are……. . historical, cultural, physical, socioeconomic

Population distribution is represented on a Dot map

Population density represented on a Choropleth map Can you tell which areas are the most densely populated? Which are the sparsest?

Population pyramid- A bar graph diagram to show the age and gender structure of a population of a country, city or area. A pyramid with a wide base shows a youthful (young and rapidly growing )population A narrow base shows an ageing population.

Population pyramids

Which of the three pyramids has the most youthful population?

What might be the cause for a youthful population? High fertility rate and high birth rate due to…. 1. Economic factors – more children are needed for labour 2. Social factors- lack of family planning/contraceptives, parents have more children to ensure some will survive , status of women(no education or profession), culture, religion.

POPULATION GROWTH Affected by… BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE NATURAL INCREASE MIGRATION FERTILITY RATE LIFE EXPECTANCY GOVERNMENT POLICIES is

Demographic Transition Model shows changes in the population over time along four stages. Any country can evolve from one stage to another as the birth and death rate changes

Demographic Transition Model Observed the changes in birth rate and death rate over time…

URBANISATION… the process whereby an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities Can you name urban areas in Trinidad?

There are BENEFITS and PROBLEMS resulting from population growth in Urban areas

Problems One problem is shortage of housing-– the absence of affordable housing leads to the development of squatter settlements and shantytowns on marginal land the formation of slums in former middle class residential areas. CAN YOU IDENTIFY THEM BELOW?

Can you think of any other problem that might arise from urbanisation?

There are several ways of controlling urbanisation such as…. . ZONING-Green belts Can you think of other ways to control urbanisation?

Outcome/consequences of urbanization are urban growth and urban sprawl These are TWO DIFFERENT PROCESSES. Urban growth- the actual increase in the total population of urban areas Urban sprawl- The expansion of cities into surrounding or rural areas

Urban sprawl

URBAN SPRAWL-The expansion of cities into the countryside through the growth of suburbs

URBAN GROWTH

Migration -the movement of people across a specified boundary, national or international. It can be temporary or . OUT MIGRATION Regional migration- the movement of people across regional boundaries (Caribbean) International migration- refers to the movement of people across international boundaries. permanent

INTERNAL MIGRATION… In-Migration – is the process of people moving into a new area in their country to live there permanently. This can be rural to urban, or urban to urban

People migrate to escape problems in one area (push factors) or for opportunities in another area ( pull factors) Push factors include lack of jobs, natural disasters Pull factors include better paying jobs, better social services What other factors might push or pull a migrant? Economic, Social, And Political reasons