POLYSTYRENE EDWARD BRUNS MOHAMMED ALZAYER MAT E 351

POLYSTYRENE EDWARD BRUNS MOHAMMED ALZAYER MAT E 351 12/11/2013

Why PS? Hispalois, . "CD box made of GPPS and HIPS. " Wikimedia Commons, 05 May 2007. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Kyriaki, . "Image of White Zinfandel in plastic cups. " Wikimedia Commons, 31 May 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Tomia. "Plastic recycle logo PS. “ Wikimedia Commons, 22 Feb 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Outline • Overview of PS • Synthesis: Mechanisms Steps Tactisity • Properties Physical Thermal Mechanical • Applications Foam Peanuts (EPS) Other Applications

Overview • • Monomer(s): Styrene (reaction below) Contains: Phenyl rings Mn Range: 100, 000– 400, 000 Key Characteristic: Thermoplastic Mills, Ben, and Jynto. "Ball and stick model of the styrene molecule. . ". Wikimedia Commons, 9 Nov 2009. Web. 25 Nov 2013. Padleckas, H. "Ethylbenzene to Styrene. ". Wikimedia Commons, 23 Jan 2005. Web. 25 Nov 2013. Saklıdır, Tüm. "PS Production. " Aral Chemicals, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Synthesis • Mechanism: Addition • This includes: free radicals, cationic, anionic • Steps: Initiation, Propagation, Termination

Synthesis Steps • Initiation: • Propagation: "Polymers Production. " School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Synthesis Steps • Termination: 1. Combination 2. Disproportionation "Polymers Production. " School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013. "Polymer Synthesis. " Polymers and Liquid Crystals. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Tacticity and Crystallinity Isotactic Syndiotactic Commercial Mostly amorphous Atactic Increase crystallinity Commercial "Tacticity. " Polymer Science Learning Center. Polymer Science Learning Foundation. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Forms of PS General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) "Assembled CD Jewel Cases & Clear Trays. " Disc Makers, n. d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Mammal, Small. "I, Party Cup: A Documentary. " Grist. org, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Round White EPS Foam Disc 6". " Party Supplies. Maple Craft, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Forms of PS Characteristics General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) Clear, hard, brittle Tough, hard Tough, lightweight, rigid-foam Cost index ($/lbs) ≤ 0. 9 Embodied energy (MJ/kg) 86. 40 87. 40 88. 60 Trade names Dylene (Arco) Bextrene Styropor (BASF), Styrofoam Hammond, Geoff, and Craig Jones. "Ineventory of Carbon and Energy. " Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Bath, UK, 01 Jan 2011. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Properties Database. Make. It. From. com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "PS Polymer Profile. " Omnexus. Special. Chem SA, (2013). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Styropor® Expandable Polystyrene (EPS). " BASF, (2007). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS). " EZ Chem, LLC, (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Physical Properties Density (g/cm 3) Glass Transition T (°C) General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact Expanded PS (HIPS) PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) 1. 05 1. 04 0. 9 -1. 06 -70 100 0. 008 -1. 10 100 Material Properties Database. Make. It. From. com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. Mat. Web, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Thermal Properties General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact Expanded PS (HIPS) PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) Thermal 0. 14 Conductivity (W/m-K) 0. 22 0. 027 - 0. 0418 0. 14 0. 23 Thermal Expansion (µm/m-K) (20°C) 80 0. 08 -70 225 95 120 Material Properties Database. Make. It. From. com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. Mat. Web, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Mechanical Properties General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact Expanded PS (HIPS) PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) Young’s modulus (GPa) 2. 9 1. 9 0. 0065 - 0. 04 - 1. 9 UTS (MPa) 46 80 0. 08 -0. 911 3. 5 -35 40 Elongation at break (%) 2% 40% 5 -13. 4% 300 -900 % 20% Material Properties Database. Make. It. From. com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. Mat. Web, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Applications: Foam Peanuts • Why PS? • Processing of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS): - PS beads + 6 wt% pentane. - Expand beads. - Dry and cure beads. - Transfer pre-expanded beads to molds. • environmental concerns "Packaging Peanuts A to Z. " Inspire Creators. Davison, 20 Oct 2010. Web. 25 Nov 2013. "Polystyrene Processing. " EGTEI. The Interprofessional Technical Centre for Studies on Air Pollution (CITEPA). Web. 25 Nov 2013. Salazar, Dennis. "Two New Green Packaging Products Eliminate the Use of Bubble Packaging and/or Packing Peanuts. ". Salazar Packaging, inc. , 26 Jul 2012. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

Applications: Others • GPPS: injection molded or thermoformed • HIPS: Food containers (HIPS) Polybutadiene added during polymerization Packaging (EPS) Lab supplies (GPPS) "Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups. " SKS Science, n. d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Plastic Food Packaging. " Plastic Ingenuity, 12 Mar 2013. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Polystyrene and Styrolux. " BASF, n. d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Styro Boxes. " Aqua-Pak. , n. d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups. " SKS Science, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Rovere, Correa, Grassi, and Dal Pizzol. "Role of the rubber content on the toughness of high impact polystyrene. " Springer US, 01 Feb 2008. Web. 8 Dec 2013.

Conclusion • Polystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic polymerized from styrene monomer by addition • Cheap to produce, hence one of the most popular polymers • Pure PS is brittle (GPPS), adding polybutadiene makes it tougher (HIPS) • Foam form of PS can be produced by adding a blowing agent (EPS) • Applications include packaging and containers