Polymer Engineering Chapter 1 Introduction Mechanical Engineering Department

Polymer Engineering Chapter 1 Introduction Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS Liquid Gas Metals Ceramics Polymers Solid Composites Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Atoms in metals and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner and in comparison to the ceramics and polymers, are relatively dense. With regard to mechanical characteristics, these materials are relatively stiff and strong, yet are ductile, (capable of large amounts of deformation without fracture), and are resistant to fracture, which accounts for their widespread use in structural applications. Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials. Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements (O, N, and Si). As with metals and ceramics, the properties of polymers are intricately related to the structural elements of the material. Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ

1. 1 Introduction and Historical Development A. Development of civilization Stone age → Bronze age → Iron age → Polymer age B. Application of polymeric materials ｏ PE milk bottles ｏ Polyamide bulletproof vests ｏ Polyurethane artificial heart ｏ Fluorinated phosphazene elastomer for arctic environments