Polymer chain structure The microstructure and morphology of










































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一次、二次结构 – 组成、构型和构象 Polymer chain structure 高分子链结构 The microstructure and morphology of single polymer chain. 单个高分子链的结构和形态。 Chemical composition 化学组成 Microstructure 高分子的结构 Configuration 构型 Architecture 构造 Sequential structure 共聚物的序列结 构 Morphology 高分子的形态 Size 分子大小 Shape 分子形态
Table 1 -1 The Chemical Structures of some Polymers 表 1 -1 部分合成高分子链结构单元的化学组成 聚丙烯 PP Polypropylene 聚异丁烯 PIB Polyisobutylene 聚丙烯酸 PAA Polyacrylic acid 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
聚醋酸乙烯酯 PVAc Polyvinyl acetate 聚乙烯基甲基醚 PVME Polyvinyl methyl ether 聚丁二烯 PB Polybutadiene 聚异戊二烯 Polyisoprene PIP
聚氯乙烯 PVC Polyvinyl chloride 聚偏二氯乙烯 PVDC Polyvinylidene Chloride 聚四氟乙烯 PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon 聚丙烯腈 PAN Polyacrylonitrile 聚甲醛 POM Polyformaldehyde
聚氧化乙烯 PEO Polyethyleneoxide 聚己二酰己二胺 Polyhexamethylene adipamide,Nylon-66 PA 66 聚己内酰胺 Poly( caprolactam) or caprone i. e Nylon 6, PA 6 聚 -甲基苯乙烯 Poly( methyl) styrene
聚苯醚 PPO Polyphenylene oxide, or polyphenylene ether 聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 PET Polyethylene terephthlate 聚碳酸酯 PC Polycarbonate
聚醚醚酮 PEEK Polyether ketone 聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺 PPTA Kevlar,or Poly(p-phenyleneterephthalamide) 聚酰亚胺(PI) Polyimide
聚二甲基硅氧烷 (硅橡胶) Polydimethyl silioxane or “silicon rubber” 聚四甲基对亚苯基硅氧烷 TMPS Poly(tetramethyl psilphenylene) siloxane 聚氯化磷腈 polydichlorophosphazene , inorganic rubber
Composition of Polymer Chain(只看主链) 碳链高分子 Carbon chain polymer 杂链高分子 Heterochain polymer 元素高分子 Elementary chain polymer 元素有机高分子 Elementary Organic polymer (如:聚二甲基硅氧烷) 无机高分子 Elementary Inorganic polymer (如: 聚氯化磷腈) 端基 End group 高分子的化学组成不同,其性能也不相同。
X-ray
NMR- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
N N O O
旋光异构 The polymerization of a mono -substituted ethylene, such as a vinyl compound, leads to polymers in which every other carbon atoms is a chiral center 手性中心. 旋光异构高分子是否必定有旋光性? Right Wrong Internal and external compensation (内、外消旋作用),所以无旋光性 注:对高分子来说,关心的不是具体构型(左旋或右旋),而是构型在分 子链中的异同,即全同(等规)、间同或无规。
1. 1. 2. 2 几何异构 Geometric isomerism 主链上有双键
Poly(1, 4 -butadiene) PB Cis-顺式 maleinoid Trans-反式 trans-isomerism In Latin, trans means "on the other side "; and cis means "on the same side".
head-to-tail structure head-to-head or tail-to-tail structure
Experimental methods to observe the configuration of polymer X-Ray Diffraction Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Infrared Spectrum
1. 1. 3 分子构造(architecture) 线形高分子 Linear polymer 支化高分子 Branched polymer 树状(tree)、梳形 (comb)、星形( star) 交联或网状高分子 Crosslinked or Network polymer
Table 1 -2 Comparison of three types of Polyethylene
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene – UHMWPE 超高分子量聚乙烯 Hip and knee total joint replacements are shown as illustrations on this skeleton.
1. 1. 4 共聚物的序列结构 统计(无规)共聚物 Statistical (Random) copolymer,Poly(A-ran-B)或Poly(A-r-B) — A—B—A—A —A—B—B—A— B— 交替共聚物 Alternating copolymer, Poly(A-alt-B) — A—B—A—B—A— B —
嵌段共聚物block copolymer or segmented copolymer Poly(A-block-B)或Poly(A-b-B) — A—A—B — B—B—A—A — A— 接枝共聚物 graft copolymer Poly(A-graft-B)或Poly(A-g-B)
ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯 -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 Chemical resistance, high tensile(拉伸) strength and hardness Rubberlike elasticity. High impact(冲击) resistance Good formability( 成型加 )
SBS Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 - Hard Soft Hard
Application of SBS Poly(styrene-butadienestyrene), or SBS, is a hard rubber, which is used for things like the soles of shoes(鞋底), tire treads( 胎 面 ) , and other places where durability(耐久性) is important. SBS