Pollution Prevention Life Cycle Assessment LCA Sponsored by

Pollution Prevention & Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Sponsored by: AIA Sustainable Design Committee on the Environment

Pollution Prevention: P 2 EPA Definition: source reduction & other practices reducing or eliminating creation of pollution through: increased efficiency in raw materials, energy, water, resources & protecting natural resources by conservation. It is prior to recycling, treatment or disposal & includes reducing or eliminating pollution hazards to public health & environment.

P 2 Includes: § § § equipment or technology modifications process or procedure modifications reformulation or redesign or products substitution of raw materials & improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training or inventory control Source:

Green Energy NRDC Report Benchmarking Air Pollution from Top 100 Electric Companies Shows Carbon Dioxide Pollution Increasing. In contrast, on a life cycle basis, green energy eliminates more pollution than any other industrial activity. Green-e renewable electricity certification www. green-e. org

State of Minnesota Design for Environment (Df. E) Toolkit helps improve product LCA benefits throughout the supply chain (fig. 1 Sustainable Textile Standard). General Product Life Cycle

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) EPA’s Df. E Program uses LCAs to examine product environmental impacts over their entire life cycle, from raw materials extraction to manufacturing, use, & disposition. LCA can help achieve P 2. Source:

EPA also used LCA to improve product design in: • • Auto refinishing Adhesives Garment & textile care Flexographic & gravure printing Industrial & institutional laundry Integrated environmental management systems Lead free solder Source:

How are LCA Tools Used? n For product design and improvement n For product evaluation and comparison n For product specification and purchase What might be in an LCA toolkit? § MTS Standards for Sustainable Products n e. LCie™ Web-tool for Product Selection n BEES® System for Product Improvement n LEED™ Green Building Rating System

EPA Sustainable LCA Technology http: //www. epa. gov/ord/NRMRL/std/sab/iam_traci. htm

EPA’s TRACI is used in the BEES LCA Tool & characterizes impacts including: • • • Ozone depletion Global warming/climate change Acidification Eutrophication Smog Human health cancer Human health noncancer Human health criteria Ecotoxicity Fossil fuel use Land use Water use http: //www. bfrl. nist. gov/oae/software/bees. html

BEES ISO Compliant LCAs are available for 32 products Trespa Meteon exterior finish ISG Brick & Fly Ash Mortar ISG 3 -coat Stucco w/Fly Ash ISG 1 -coat Stucco w/Fly Ash Trespa Virtuon partition/lockers Trespa Athlon partition/lockers Shaw Ecoworx Carpet Tile C&A ER 3 Carpet Tile Bentley Prince Street Hyperion Bentley Prince Street Mercator Interface Prairie. School Interface Sabi Interface Transformation J&J Industries- SBR Latex J&J Industries- LIFESPAN*MG Mohawk Regents Row Mohawk Meritage Natural Cork Parquet Tile Natural Cork Floating Floor Forbo Linoleum/No-VOC Glue Trespa Virtuon ceiling/casewk. Trespa Athlon ceiling/casewk.

Products Cont… Herman Miller Aeron Chair Herman Miller Ambi Chair Trespa Toplab Plus Counters Trespa Athlon Counters Lafarge Silica Fume Cement ISG IP Cement Lafarge New. Cem Slag Cement Generic 35 % Fly Ash Cement Lafarge Portland Type I Cement Lafarge CKD Soil Enhancer Bio. Transformer Oil

BEES LCAs on Bio-based Products Allows Them to be Considered for Preferable Federal Government Purchasing BEES supports Federal agencies purchase of biobased products & is Sponsored by EPA’s Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program, USDA & NIST needs information on manufacturers’ products so that Federal personnel may consider them in their purchase decisions. http: //www. bfrl. nist. gov/oae/software/bees/please/USDA/bees_please. html

Climate Change

Environmental Performance

Overall Performance

US Green Building (USGBC) Council LEED LCA Initiative Launch in 2004 USGBC Initiated ASTM & ISO LCA Standards in 1993

Product Example Milliken Earth Square carpet tiles: ISO compliant LCA meet MTS’ LCA Standard. LCA identifies product benefits/impacts throughout the supply chain, & is required by law for sustainable, green, or EPP products because consumers believe these products are environmentally beneficial in all respects.

Milliken Earth Square Certified Gold Sustainable Textile n n n For 99% postconsumer recycled content For extended product Life For more than 20% takeback For transparent closed loop process For achieving social equity For LCA & Df. E process

Sustainable Textile Standard© The Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability (MTS) worked with the textile, design & government communities, in approving a National Consensus Sustainable Textile Standard© for carpet, fabric & apparel.

Sustainable Textile Standard© Benefits n Substantial Global Benefits for Carpet, Fabric & Apparel- Environmental, Social, & Economic over the supply chain n Textile Rating System: Certified, Silver, Gold & Platinum n Business Benefits: cost savings, product differentiation, long term customer n Market Definition of Sustainable Textile n Life Cycle Environmental Performance Requirements n Social Performance Requirements over the supply chain n Defines Sustainable Agriculture for Textile relationships, liability reduction

MTS Ad Promotes LCA Label on Products n n Clearly links with our message, and with the needs of our customers. Advertisement asks the most pertinent question in the mind of our customers.

LCA of Lamps Using LCA, the Greatest Impact by Far Over all Environmental Impact Categories, is the Energy Efficiency of the Lamp, which Supplants Primarily Coal Fired Power. Thus, the best environmental choice is the lowest mercury content, highest energy efficient, & longest life lamp, as specified in LEED-Existing Buildings.

LCA of Wallboard Components Inventory & Impact Assessment of Releases & Energy Use Collection and Evaluation of Data

Product Example LCA is product specific (MARMOLEUM® ), not category specific (linoleum). Every product stage in MARMOLEUM® and ARTOLEUM® is evaluated against each environmental impact category below.

Life-Cycle Assessment… the true measurement of environmental performance Forbo Linoleum’s ISO 14040 Compliant LCA Meets MTS’ LCA Standard. Forbo provides a legally binding & publicly disclosed certification.

How do we use what we learn from LCA’s?

Manufacturing LIFE-CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Comprehensive lifecycle data shows a significantly smaller total environmental impact than is typical for that industry.

total environmental impact (Actual numbers behind the index) Environmental Impact of Typical Carpet Face Fiber (In Lbs unless noted) Per pound of fiber in carpet Typical Antron Change Industry 2000 Depletable Resources 7. 4 lbs 6 -20% Global Warming Emissions 21. 3 12. 6 -41% Other Air Emissions 0. 17 0. 14 -20% Land Emissions/Solid Waste 10. 7 7. 2 -33% Water Use (In Gals) 5 3. 3 -34% Safety/Health (Benchmark) Value Recovery 10 0 4 0. 1 -60% +10%

EPA Final Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Guidance § …. environmental considerations as part of the normal purchasing process. § Emphasize pollution prevention…. . § Examine multiple environmental attributes…. . . § Compare relevant environmental impacts…. . § Based on …. Accurate and meaningful information…. § Uses a life cycle approach

Product Performance product or service is tested to perform to industry standards

Actively Specifying

• Developed by the International Design Center for the Environment (IDCE) working in collaboration with Sylvatica, Tellart and others • Primary users: architects, interior designers, and facilities managers • Additional usage: manufacturers communicate the environmental impacts of products using common metrics n A science-based streamlined web LCA tool, comparing & reducing product environmental cradle to cradle impacts

What does e. LCie add to LCA tools? n Increases designers’ access to LCA results n Lowers manufacturers’ data collection time n Improves data quality and transparency n Reduces LCA costs for manufacturers n Advances collaboration on LCA based tools

Thanks to our Sponsors AIA Sustainable Design Committee on the Environment