POLLUTION Global Issue l l l l Pollution

POLLUTION – Global Issue l l l l Pollution and Environmental Damage - Nitrogen - Sulphur Dioxide - Poor air quality & Smog - Acid rain Smog - Forest damage - Depletion of Ozone layer - GREENHOUSE EFFECT NOx SOx

POLLUTANTS l CARBON DIOXIDE l Produced by combustion of fossil fuel/coal/oil/gas C + O 2 = CO 2 …. carbon fuel CH 4 + 2 O 2 = CO 2 + 2 H 2 O …. . gas fuel CO 2 absorbs infrared/heat radiation/sun Melts polar ice caps Smog Stoichiometric burner parameters - flue gas O 2 least / CO 2 max - efficient burners low excess air / least CO 2 l l l l

POLLUTANTS l l l OXIDES SULPHUR Burning of fuel sulphur S + O 2 = SO 2 …. further oxidation 2 SO 2 + O 2 = 2 SO 3 …. moisture in air SO 3 + H 2 O = H 2 SO PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANT l SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANT l

POLLUTANTS CARBON MONOXIDE l - Lack of oxygen during combustion l - Flame is chilled l l - Fatal Gas l T Series Air Staging

POLLUTANTS l l l NITROGEN OXIDES NOx - high 0 C of combustion process - in precombustion/combustion and post flame region - combustion air Nitrogen and natural and organic Nitrogen in fuel NO + NO 2

POLLUTANTS l l l l SMOKE - Excess fuel - Incomplete combustion - flame impingement - Smoke. . Carbom particles…. into Air - Fouling of boiler surface - reduce efficiency

POLLUTANTS l NOISE l - Damaged hearing & Stress related l - Unwanted sound l - Disrupt working efficiency !!

SOLUTIONS l l l l l NOx Reduction - Furnace capacity MW/m 3 - Temp of Furnace wall - Furnace dimension ratio 3. 5: 1 - Preheated Air & Humidity SOLUTIONS - External flue gas circulation - Air & fuel Staging ……Dunphy’s - Water & steam injection

SOLUTIONS l l l l BURNER DESIGNS - Gun Type - Rotary cup - Co-axial …. fulfills all req of combustion …. controlled & uniform air …. higher efficiency lower pollution …. quiet & low noise levels

SOLUTIONS l ZENITH THERMAL EQUIPMENT P LTD, HYDERABAD

BOILERS HEATERS WELCOME TO ZENITH THERMAL EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE

Zenith Thermal Equipment l Office: Stone-Acre, 8 -2 -618/B, Road No 11, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, AP, India l Works: 99 AA, Thimmapur, Station Road, Kothur, Mehboobnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India l www. zeniththermal. com / info@zeniththermal. com l Tel: 91 -40 -3326111 Fax: 91 -40 -3398681 Turn your speakers on and press enter OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment l Expertise, Experience & Engineering Excellence Manufacturing since 1982 ENERGY efficient & ECO friendly Low NOx Boilers Thermal Fluid Heaters Chemical Plant / Economizers / Incinerators OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment l Designs & Technical Support from l Babcock Robey UK l Apparatebau Wiestock Germany l Dunphy Combustions Ltd UK OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Zenith Boilers Design & Benefits single/twin furnance - 500 – 27000 kgs/hr & higher conventional 3 pass wet back - class 1 IBR 1950 custom built / dual fuel / robust / time proven min fuel – steam demand - high efficiency continuity & reliability – steam production low running cost / maintenance / emmission OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Zenith Boilers Design & Benefits Low heat transfer – heating surface High output – no overstressing High steam volume – large shell disc High quality dry steam – varying load High integrity welded construction Low NOx emission design OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Zenith Boilers Design & Benefits High specification feed pumps Level controls / water sampler Choice of burners 3 Access points + Front Access – easy maintenance High density insulation / mountings OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Burners & Combustion Technology Precision machined LM 6 Al & Individually matched High quality BS EN ISO 9001 coaxial burners Low emission / Low noise & vibration Energy efficient Air distribution / Air damper Dual facility / mixing performance / Ratiotronic High Safety – operations control OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Services Energy solutions & consultancy Turnkey manufacture & supply – custom built Commissioning & installation – site work Operator training, safety & service Maintenance & service – on site / on call Spare parts – comprehensive parts stocks OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Other Products Thermal Fluid Heaters 50000 KCal/hr – 5000000 Kcal/hr Reactor Vessels 30 HP / 20 KL capacity Storage Tanks / Heat Exchangers / Hot Air Generators Burning Ovens / Precipitators / Absorption Tower SS Cyclone / Economizers / Incinerators / etc OK

Zenith Thermal Equipment Clients: Orchid Pharmaceuticals, Chennai Orchid Healthcare, Chennai Ministry of Gas USSR Raymonds Woolen Mills, Mumbai / JK Industries IFB Agro Industries, Kolkata ITC Bhadrachalam Kohinoor Silk Mills, Surat Starchem, Hyderabad Mangalore Breweries & Distilleries SM Dyechem Ltd, Pune OK