Poll Fort Sumter headline your name Poll Bull
Poll: Fort Sumter headline + your name
Poll: Bull Run headline + your name
Life in the Civil War Army Chapter 16, Section 2 Soldiers Health Weapons Technology Surgery
I. Soldiers A. The average soldier 1. Between 18 and 30 years old 2. Farmers B. Ethnicities 1. German and Irish immigrants 2. African Americans (Union) 3. Native Americans – Both sides
I. Soldiers C. Why Join? 1. Excitement and Adventure a. Escape from boring farm/factory work b. Riding trains 2. Nationalism 3. Sectionalism D. Drill and Drill
II. Health A. Living Conditions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Disease-carrying insects Baths and clean clothes were rare Contaminated food and water Exposure to cold and rain Poor diet Write the word you think best describes these living conditions
II. Health B. Disease 1. 2. More than twice as many men died from disease than battle wounds Intestinal disorders a. b. c. 3. Typhoid Fever Dysentery Diarrhea Other common diseases a. b. c. Malaria Tuberculosis Pneumonia
III. Weapons & Technology A. The rifle 1. Minié ball – hollow soft lead bullets 2. More accuracy 3. More distance (up to 1, 000 yards)
III. Weapons and Technology B. Ironclads (page 492) 1. Warships covered with iron 2. Basically early submarines 3. Merrimack (Virginia) vs. Monitor a. Virginia 1862 b. Draw
III. Weapons and Technology C. Other firsts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Land mines Rifles with telescopic sites Machine guns Trenches Spied on enemy troops from the air in observation balloons
IV. Surgery A. Amputation 1. Minié balls made wounds beyond any possible repair Large, gaping holes b. Splintered bones c. Destroyed muscles, arteries and tissues Chloroform or ether Bone saw a. 2. 3.
IV. Surgery B. Conditions 1. People didn’t understand why wounds became infected 2. "We operated in old blood-stained and often pus-stained coats, we used undisinfected instruments from undisinfected plush lined cases. If a sponge or instrument fell on the floor it washed and squeezed in a basin of water and used as if it was clean"
IV. Surgery C. Results 1. “Surgical Fevers” a. Pyemia 1. 2. b. “Hospital Gangrene” 1. 2. Literally means “pus in the blood” Mortality rate of over 90% A black spot on the wound Spread leaving an “evil smelling awful mess” Mortality rates (chance you’d die) a. b. From amputation - 28% From “Surgical Fevers” etc. - 52%
Resources ¡ Creating America textbook, Chapter 16, Section 2 ¡ http: //ehistory. osu. edu/uscw/featu res/medicine/cwsurgeon/amputatio ns. cfm http: //www. civilwarmed. org/exhibits. cf m ¡ http: //www. eclectichistorian. net/Rifle. Mu sket ¡
- Slides: 15