Get out and Vote? • 50 -60% since 1920’s “Vote early and often” • Laws prevent fraud, lower turnout Registration limits, secret ballots
Forms of Participation • • • Activists Campaigners Voting specialists Communalists Parochial Participants Inactives
Checking Ideologies • Participation linked to ideology • Psychological characteristics are linked to participation
Theories of Non-voting. . • • • Younger population Weaker parties Registration constraints Costless-no penalty for not voting Apathy-My vote does not matter
Reality of Non-voting • Ease registration • Make the government more responsive • How is it measured? (handout)
Participation w/out voting • Can volunteer for a candidate or issue • Protest • Contact officials • Give campaign contributions
Who votes? • • • Educated Older Wealthier Married Party ID Professionals Who doesn’t? • • • Minorities Young Poorer Blue collar Movers