Political Organization of Space Political geography the study
- Slides: 45
Political Organization of Space Political geography: the study of the political organization of the planet, which changes constantly through time. The only constant is that humans divide their living space into political units or territories.
Government is a reference to the leadership and institutions that make a country’s policy decisions, while Politics is all about power—who has it, how did they get it, what challenges do they have in keeping the power? Geographers look at the politics of place, how land space is organized according to who asserts power over what areas. Territoriality is efforts to control pieces of the earth’s surface for political and social ends?
Boundaries are invisible lines that mark the extent of a state’s territory and the control that its leaders have. Frontier—a geographic zone where no state exercises power
Types of boundaries Antecedent boundaries are those that evolved and were defined before the present day human (political) landscape developed. An example is on the island of Borneo. The northern section is part of Malaysia and the majority of the landscape in the south is part of Indonesia. The boundary passes through a mountainous, sparsely inhabited rainforest where there is a break in settlement.
Superimposed boundaries are forcibly drawn across a unified cultural landscape. The Island of New Guinea
Subsequent boundary Evolved as the cultural landscape took shape. . . the result of a long -term process of adjustment and modification
Relict boundary A boundary that has ceased to function, but whose imprint is still felt on the cultural landscape
Physical boundaries coincide with prominent physical landforms.
Geometric border A straight line or arc
Territorial morphology Compact state
Prorupt state
Elongated state Gambia
Fragmented states
Perforated state
Microstates
Landlocked states
Functions of boundaries mark limits of governmental control
Boundary Disputes Positional or definitional disputes
Territorial disputes Who owns the region? (usually around borders) Key term: irredentism A conflict occurring when one country wants to annex part of another country where the people are ethnically similar
Resource or allocational disputes
Functional or operational disputes
Key terms: state nation-state binational state multinational state
Stateless nations
The organization of states 1. core areas Most states develop out from a core area. Problems arise when there is more than one core.
The U. S. is a multi-core state
Forward capital: a capital city that serves as a model for national objectives, especially for economic development and future hopes.
Gerrymandering
Colonialism and Imperialism is empire-building
Unitary States And Most of Europe
Confederal states spread the power among many sub-units (such as states) AND has a strong central government U. S. under the Articles of Confederation & the Confederate States of America
A federal system divides the powers between the central government and the sub-units
Centripedal forces bind together peoples of a state and make them stronger. or positive can be negative
Centrifugal forces destabilize the government and encourage the country to fall apart. Nationalities challenged the government for independence
Devolution: the tendency to decentralize the decision-making to regional governments; it is usually a reaction to centrifugal forces. 1. Ethnic forces Ethnonationalism: the tendency for an ethnic group to see itself as a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence.
Great Britain has given more autonomy to Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland
2. Economic forces The imaginary Ancona line split Italy into wealthy (industrialized northern) and poorer (rural southern), resulting in Italy’s devolving power to regions.
3. spatial forces
Geopolitics Friedrich Ratzel the state is an organism that goes through stages from birth to death/rise to fall. Hitler used this rationale—that a state that doesn’t expand is doomed to fail—to rationalize his expansionism in WWII.
Sir Halford Mackinder’s Heartland Theory Nicholas Spykman’s Rimland Theory
Supranational Organizations
The European Union
Globalization is an ongoing process resulting in increased economic, political and cultural changes fostered through rapid worldwide communication and transportation. The last two decades of the 20 th century witnessed the proliferation of satellite phones and Internet communication, as well as worldwide air, water and land transportation, transforming the diverse world into an interconnected place. from GITN
- Political organization of space definition
- Territoriality
- Ap human geography frqs
- Ap human geography political geography test
- Process organization in computer organization
- Block organization vs point by point
- Political organization
- How did darius i change persia's political organization
- Political party organization chart
- 5 themes of geography ap human geography
- Genetic boundary definition
- Objectives of political geography
- Mariana trench
- Relationship between political science and geography
- Europe in 1990
- Political geography
- Political geography
- Political geography
- Difference between centrifugal and centripetal force
- Time space convergence ap human geography
- Borchert's epochs ap human geography definition
- Non material culture examples
- Time space compression ap human geography
- Syncretism definition ap human geography example
- Unscented trajectory chapter 5
- Space junk the space age began
- Camera space to world space
- Unscented trajectory chapter 5
- World space to screen space
- Hình ảnh bộ gõ cơ thể búng tay
- Lp html
- Bổ thể
- Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
- Chó sói
- Chụp phim tư thế worms-breton
- Hát lên người ơi
- Các môn thể thao bắt đầu bằng tiếng đua
- Thế nào là hệ số cao nhất
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- Công thức tính độ biến thiên đông lượng
- Trời xanh đây là của chúng ta thể thơ
- Cách giải mật thư tọa độ
- 101012 bằng
- độ dài liên kết
- Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
- Thơ thất ngôn tứ tuyệt đường luật