POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES IN WORLD WAR I AND WORLD

POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES IN WORLD WAR I AND WORLD WAR II By Lleir and Paula

GERMANY

AFTER WWI • Germany couldn´t expand territory. • Wilhelm II abdicated from the throne. • • • Ebert became chancellor and turned Germany into a democracy. Ebert was elected President (Weimar Republic). Wolfgang Kapp attempted to take of the Weimar Government. Hitler, the leader of the Nazi party, stormed into the beer hall in Munich. After Hitler was appointed chancellor it only took him 18 months to turn Germany in a dictatorship.

AFTER WW II Germany was devastated. Its captors partitioned the nation, they controlled all aspects of life in Germany. It was divided in two parts: West Germany, which was dominated by the USA, the UK and France, and East Germany which was ruled by Russia (the Soviet Union).

COMPARATION After WW 1 After WW 2 Monarchy → Democracy → Republic → Dictatorship The country was controlled by other countries and it was divide in West Germany and East Germany. The Nazi party (an extreme right party) took control of the country East Germany was a Communist German Democratic Republic based on the Soviet Union. West germany was ruled by right-wing parties → German Federal Republic

RUSSIA

AFTER WW I • • There were poverty and hunger strikes. When the Tsar Nicholas II left to war he left his wife in charge. Alexandra ruled autocratically Tsar Nicholas was abdicated from thrown. Lenin got enough support to overthrow the government. Russia was finally communist. In north eastern Europe new states emerged that had formally been a part of the Russian empire.

AFTER WW II Most of Eastern Europe was devastated. The Soviet Union takes advantage, setting up communist governments there. The Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are simply added directly to the Soviet Union. The USSR also keeps East Germany. With this gain in territory, the USSR becomes a leading world power.

COMPARATION After WW 1 After WW 2 Russia went from being an autocracy to a communist government. Soviet occupation troops installed Communist dictatorships in Europe. Russia was unable to prevent the independence of Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. They tried to regain power over Belarus and Ukraine which had been taken over by Germany. The Soviets re-annexed eastern Poland, Bessarabia, and northern Bukovina. The Soviet Union also annexed the Baltic states. The country also suffered great inflation after the war causing food to be almost worthless. Economy went very well during the first two decades of the postwar era.

YUGOSLAVIA HUNGARY AUSTRIA CZECHOSLOVAKIA

AUSTRO HUNGARY EMPIRE (AFTER WWI) Break up of Austria Hungary.

AUSTRIA (After WWII) : When it was clear that the Allies would capture Germany prominent Austrians declare Austrian independence from Germany. CZECHOSLOVAKIA (After WWII) : Under Soviet influence. HUNGARY (After WWII) : The USSR helped to install a communist government. YUGOSLAVIA (After WWII) : Under USSR pressure, a communist government is established. Yugoslavia would distance itself from the USSR soon after the end of the war.

FRANCE

AFTER WWI France gain additional territories in Germany, also gained part of Germany’s African territories, and multiple territories in Ottoman Empire. AFTER WWII France´s colonies began to demand independence. France was resistant to granting independence to colonies, and fought to maintain its empire. In the end, all French colonies would attain independence.

ROMANIA BULGARIA ALBANIA GREECE

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (AFTER WWI)

ROMANIA (After WWII) : Romania would be set up as a communist government under the influence of the USSR. GREECE (After WWII): In post-war Greece, two competing factions engage in the struggle for control of Greece, initiating the Greek Civil War between the procommunist and pro-democracy movements. BULGARIA (After WWII): Under USSR influence, establishes a Communist government, closely tied to the Soviet Union. ALBANIA (After WWII): Albania becomes a communist government under the Soviet influence.

THE USA

AFTER WORLD WAR I The USA emerged from WW 1 as the world super power because of their intervention. America had become the savior of Europe. AFTER WORLD WAR II Revitalized economy. The USA obtained navel bases in Europe. Monopoly on nuclear weapon. Untouched infrastructure.

COMPARATION After WW 1 After WW 2 Americans allow the Europeans destroy Technically neutral and taking no side in themselves better than spend American lives war, the U. S. was the only major industrial and money in the war → ISOLATIONISM power from which the Europeans could buy weapons and food → British blockade of German and Austrian ports meant that only France and Britain were actually buying American products. World War I was less about ideology and good vs. Evil → both sides gained support from the Americans. American opinion was far more anti-German the United States was not a world power The USA became the world super power They were recovering from Spanish. American War. the United States owned foreign territories, and Americans could rank themselves among the imperial nations of the day. By 1914, moreover, the U. S. had almost no Army, and its Navy was not up to par with those of the Britain and Germany.

ITALY

AFTER WW I Difficulties after the war led to violent protests by the socialist party, facilitating a coup led by Mussolini's Fascist Party. As a result, Italy would go into WWII on the Nazi side. AFTER WW II Italy, avoided being broken up. Italy became closely affiliated with the United States and other Western powers. The year after the end of WWII, Italy voted to abolish their monarchy. COMPARATION After WW 1 After WW 2 Treaty of Versailles → Fascism in Italy (Mussolini). Italy and Germany → allies in WWII. Communism gains in popularity. They abolished their monarchy. He killed all opposing political parties → Blackshirts. The USA prevent communist party from power→ A democratic republic.

THE UK

AFTER WW I Gains territory. While distracted with WWI, Ireland begins Independence movement, leading to Irish Independence in 1921. AFTER WW II Part of the big 3 powers that decided the fate of post-war Europe. COMPARATION After WW 1 After WW 2 2 major parties: Liberal and Labour party. Churchill (Conservative Party) lost to the Labour Party in 1945. They wanted to stop the spread of communism coming from Russia. This government relaxed restrictions on trade unions and began a program of nationalization.