Policy Support Function Dr Shahram Yazdani Shahid Beheshti
Policy Support Function Dr. Shahram Yazdani Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medical Education Strategic Policy Sessions: 21 Dr. Shahram Yazdani 1
Characteristics of Sound Policymaking Forward looking: clearly defines outcomes and takes a long term view; n Outward looking: takes account of external influencing factors, draws on experience in other countries, considers how the policy will be communicated to the public; n Innovative, flexible and creative: questions established ways of doing things, encourages new and creative ideas, open to comments and ideas from others, manages risk; n Evidence based: bases decisions on the best available evidence from a wide range of sources, throughout the process; n 2 Dr. Shahram
Characteristics of Sound Policymaking Value oriented: looking for accomplishment of higher order goals and directions like constitutions and ideological manifest n Inclusive: takes account of the impact on and meets the needs of all people affected by the policy; takes a holistic view and works across institutional boundaries; n Evaluative: policies are evaluated to judge success, reviewed to ensure that they are tackling the problems they were intended to address and policy makers learn the lessons of past initiatives. n 3 Dr. Shahram
Policy skills self-assessment 4 Dr. Shahram
Characteristics of Simple Situations are clearly bounded and can be examined in isolation are populated by a set of entities/ events have information needs that are known the roles and purposes of any people, groups or organisations are well known 5. are composed of differentiable problems that are either well known or probabilistically describable 6. have a form that is well known and which can change in predictable ways 7. will have known or probabilistic structural relationships across the set of identifiable parts and cause-effect relationships between events across time 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 Dr. Shahram
Characteristics of Complex Situations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 exist in an environment, though the boundary that distinguishes it from the situation will be unclear or uncertain are populated: • by sets of entities/ events that may not be sensibly examinable in isolation of the • Context • by individuals, groups or organisations with roles and purposes that may not be well determined have parts: • that may themselves be situations or problems • that may not be easily distinguishable from one another (a tangle) • that if known may not be related • the description and relationship of which may change with time where the parts are seen as (dynamic) events across time, a simple cause-andeffect relationship between them cannot be identified have a form: • determined by the dynamic relationship between the parts • that may in some way change in time • that may not be easily discernible Dr. Shahram
Evidence Based Evidence Informed Intuitional Rationality of Policy Process Putting the best available evidence at the heart of policy making? Evidence-influenced Evidence-based Opinion-based Evidence-influenced Sophistication of Policy Environment Practice of Political Life Experience Available Resources Expert Consultation Lobby system ► tank ► leaders ► Think. Opinion Media
The “quality” challenge: How to match technical rigour and policy relevance? Technical rigour but no policy relevance Evidence that is technically rigorous and policy relevant. Policy relevance but no technical rigour
Evidence into practice: Increasing the uptake of evidence in policy making Data Users (Policy Makers) Data Providers Need to improve dialogue How? What ? Why? When? Incentives to use evidence Reliable Data Improving “usability” (Relevance, time and simplicity) Effective access Attitude to Policy Quality
Decision Makers Policy Makers Politicians Board Members Managers Institutional CEOs Program Managers Service Professionals Physicians Nurses Problems Solutions Researchers Mission Oriented In-house Employees Management Consultants Applied Research Institutes Insulated Academics 10 Discovery Driven Dr. Shahram
Decision Makers Issues and Priorities Policy Makers Research Funders Service Delivery Problems Managers Service Professionals Dx, Tx, Px Applications Commercial R&D Grant Agencies Self-funding Solutions Problems Discovery Researchers Incentives Mission Oriented Researchable Questions Discovery Driven 11 Dr. Shahram
Decision Makers Ideas Knowledge Purveyors Policy Makers Best Practice Interventions Applications Dx, Tx, Px Problems Solutions 12 Service Professionals Research Funders Discovery Facts Personal Experiences Anecdotes Interests Wants Values Myths Assumptions Service Delivery Problems Managers Stories Public Relations Media Think Tank Conferences Journals Books Issues and Priorities Researchers Incentives Mission Oriented Researchable Questions Evidences Discovery Driven Dr. Shahram
Decision Makers Ideas Knowledge Purveyors Policy Makers Best Practice Applications Dx, Tx, Px Knowledge Brokers Researchers Problems 13 Research Funders Discovery Solutions Personal Experiences Anecdotes Interests Wants Values Myths Assumptions Service Professionals Solutions Facts Interventions Service Delivery Problems Managers Stories Public Relations Media Think Tank Conferences Journals Books Issues and Priorities Incentives Mission Oriented Researchable Questions Evidences Discovery Driven Dr. Shahram
Questionable Quality Irrelevant Knowledge Purveyor Knowledge Creator Knowledge Broker Evidence Ethical Analyst Ambiguous, Loose Ethics Political Bargainer Deterministic Importance ! Policies Politics Policymaker Role of Gifted and Talented: 14 Dr. Shahram
Thank You ! Any Question ? 15 Dr. Shahram
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