Points of horse The body of the horse

Points of horse

The body of the horse divided into three regions 1 -The Head and Neck 2 -Trunk and Tail 3 -The Limbs(Fore limbs and hind limbs)

1 -Head and Neck 2 -Trunk and Tail 3 -Forelimbs and Hind limbs

Head & Neck 1. Forehead 2. Face 3. Bridge of nose 4. Nostril 5. Muzzle 6. Upper lip 7. Lower lip 8. Under lip 9. Throat latch 10. Poll 11. Crest 12. Neck 25. Shoulder 38. Withers

Poll Ear forehead Eye Zygomatic ridge (Facial crest) False Nostril Nasal Bridge Muzzle True Nostril

Poll Crest Forelock Mane e d i S e h t of Muzzle k c e n Cheek Lower lip Mouth

v. Forelock : tuft of hair that laying on forehead Extends from poll region (between ears) v. Muzzle : The area of the horse's head that includes the mouth and nostrils v. Poll : a point between the ears at the top of head where the head joins neck

v Mane: long hair originates from crest and rest on either side of neck v Wither : The area on the horse's back just after the neck but above the shoulders. the highest point of the thoracic vertebrae v Under lip = chin that has chin groove v Inter-mandibular space (jowl): space between branches of lower jaw. in front of throat

Parotid region Angle of the jaw Jowl Inter mandibular space Chin

Supra orbital fossa Upper eye lid Eye lashes Third eye lid Eye ball (orbit) Lower eye lid

v. Cheek : side of head v. Eye : has eye ball , eye lashes and nictating membrane ( third eye lid ) v. Parotid region : : behind the angle of lower jaw

v. Jugular groove beneath this area run the jugular vein, the carotid artery

Forelimbs

23 22 13. Point of shoulder 14. Chest 15. Arm 16. Elbow 17. Forearm 18. Knee 19. Cannon 20. Ankle 21. Pastern 22. Coronet 23. Fetlock 24. Girth

v. Point of Shoulder ; a hard, bony prominence surrounded by heavy muscle masses. v. Breast; a muscle mass between the forelegs, covering the front of the chest v. Arm : region between shoulder joint and elbow joint v. Forearm : region bet elbow j and carbal joint v. Fore- canon : region bet carbal j (knee) and fetlock j v. Pastern : region bet fetlock j and coronet

• Coronet (coronary band) : is the band around the top of the hoof from which the hoof wall grows. • Girth; This is the point that a horses should be measured to determine the heart girth which can be used to determine the horses weight

Chestnut chestnut: a callosity on the inside of each leg •

Ergot ergot: a callosity on the back of the fetlock •

Flexor (back ) tendon • The flexor tendons run from the knee to the fetlock and can be seen prominently lying behind the cannon bone

Axilla • Inner aspect of elbow joint

Hind limbs

v. Thigh : region of muscles between hip j and stifle joint v. Second thigh ( Gaskin): region of muscles between stifle and hock joint v. Hock joint : complex joint v. Hind cannon : region of metatarsal bone v. Groins : medial aspect of stifle joint

Achilles tendon a large tendon attached to point of hock

Back ( trunk ) and Tail

Trunk and Tail I-Trunk A-Dorsal part B-Lateral part C-Ventral part D-Anterior part E-Posterior part

A-Dorsal part of the trunk consists of Back line 1 -Withers 2 -Back Region (Saddle) 3 -Loins(Lumbar region) 4 -Croup

Back line Croup Loins Saddle Withers

B-Lateral part 1 -Chest side 2 -Ribs 3 -Flank region 4 -Abdomen 5 -External angle of the Ilium 6 -Hind quarter

Hind quarter Flank region Chest side External angle of Ilium Abdomen Ribs

C-Ventral part 1 -Axilla 2 -Chest Floor 3 -Belly 4 -Groins 5 -Male (Prepuce + Penis + Testis + Scrotum) 6 -Female (Udder 2 halves end with 2 Teats)

Groins Belly Chest Floor Axilla

Male Genital system Prepuce Penis Scrotum Testis

Female Udder Teat

D-Anterior part Breast

E-Posterior part 1 -Buttocks 2 -Point of the buttocks 3 -Anus 4 - Female Genital organ

Buttocks point Buttocks

Female Genital organ Anus 2 lips of the Vulva

II-Tail Root (Dock) Body Hair

v. Wither: highest part of trunk v. Back : from behind of wither to head of last rib v. Loins : from head of last rib to external angle of Ilium ( point of croup ) v. Croup : from external angle of ilium to origin of tail ( dock of tail ) v. Root ( dock ) of tail v. Buttocks : muscles lying on either side of anus

Height Withers Ground

Girth

v. Hind quarters : large area of muscles

Flank region hollow area triangular in shape behind last rib

Abdomen( belly ) • It is curvature in its middle there is umbilicus

Parts of the horse 19. Cannon 33. Buttock 20. Ankle 34. Point of hip 21. Pastern 35. Croup 23. Fetlock 36. Loin 26. Barrel 37. Back 27. Abdomen 39. Thigh 28. Hoof 29. Hock 30. Gaskin 31. Stifle 32. Flank