PNU Cognitive Lab 2 PNU Cognitive Lab 3

장기기억의 유형 PNU Cognitive Lab 2

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장기기억의 유형 II PNU Cognitive Lab 4

LTM의 위계 PNU Cognitive Lab 5

Semantic memory(knowledge) 특징 1. Organized by content Meyer & Schvaneveldt(1971) Priming study 2. Permits us to make inferences about properties of concepts “비둘기는 새인가? ” “비둘기는 허파가 있는가? ” 3. Information in it is not tied directly to information about the source of the knowledge PNU Cognitive Lab 6

Hierarchical semantic network model 위계적 망 모형 지식표상에 대한 초기 모형 Collins & Quillian(1969, 1972) TLC(Teachable Language Comprehender) Node와 labeled & directed Link로 구성 Class inclusion link: “is-a” Property(part) link: “has-part” 개념들이 위계적으로 체제화 인지적 경제성에 따라 정보 저장 PNU Cognitive Lab 7

link node PNU Cognitive Lab 8

RT in sentence verification task PNU Cognitive Lab 10

Spreading activation model 활성화 확산 모형 Collins & Loftus(1975) 망모형 의미적 관련성은 Link의 길이와 너비 Non-hierarchical network 활성화의 확산 활성화의 약화 의미점화(semantic priming) 효과 반증가능성(falsifiablity)의 문제 PNU Cognitive Lab 12

Spreading activation model PNU Cognitive Lab 13

일화기억 Temporal organization Association between a memory and its source(source memory) The way the truth of an item in memory can be established PNU Cognitive Lab 14

일화기억과 의미기억은 분리해야만 하는가? 기억상실증의 차별적 손상 진행성 기억상실(anterograde amnesia) H. M. 역행성 기억상실(retrograde amnesia) Korsakoff syndrome P. Z. case 기억상실증은 대부분이 일화기억의 손상 Generalization vs. exception? PNU Cognitive Lab 15

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외현기억과 암묵기억의 해리 (dissociation) Jacoby(1983) PNU Cognitive Lab 20

How can we represent this input? PNU Cognitive Lab 22

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Memory models Symbolic Approach ACT(adaptive control of thought) J. R. Anderson Subsymbolic Approach PDP model PNU Cognitive Lab 24

ACT(Adaptive Control of Thought) J. R. Anderson 일종의 Cognitive Architecture 활성화 확산 모형에 근거 일종의 命題網(propositional network) 모형 서술기억 : 일화기억과 의미기억을 포함 Type vs. Token 절차기억 : production system Fan effect(부채효과) : 정확회상이나 재인의 경우 Reversed fan effect(역부채효과) : 그럴듯함 (plausibility) 판단의 경우 PNU Cognitive Lab 25

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J. Anderson’s ACT* 절차기억 일화기억과 의미기억 PNU Cognitive Lab 28

PDP model Mc. Clelland & Rumelhart Brain analogy Local vs. Distributed representation Concept representations are distributed across many nodes at once. A Concept is a Pattern of activity across the units in a layer. Organization of nodes into layers ▪ Input layer, Output layer, Hidden layers Activation Level of units Connection weight of links Excitatory vs. Inhibitory connection PNU Cognitive Lab 29