Plurals of Countable and Uncountable Nouns Plurals of

Plurals of Countable and Uncountable Nouns.

Plurals of countable nouns: • Nouns + S: Bananas, cats, dogs, books, pupils etc. • Nouns ending in –s, -ss, sh, ch, x: Bus-buses, dress – dresses, hairbrush – hairbrushes, watch – watches, box –boxes • Nouns ending in –O: Potato – potatoes, tomato – tomatoes BUT: Radio – radios, piano – pianos, photo – photos, video – videos, disco – discos

Nouns ending in -Y “y”меняется на “i” • Согласные + y =ies Baby – babies, a lady – ladies, a cherry – cherries • (гласные: a, e, o, u)+y =ys Play – plays, key - keys

Nouns ending in – f / fe • f / fe меняются на ves Leaf – leaves, scarf – scarves, wife – wives, Knife – knives, thief – thieves BUT: Chief – chiefs, handkerchief –handkerchiefs, Roof – roofs, proof – proofs, safe - safes Шефы стояли у окна, комкали в руках носовые платки, смотрели на крыши и искали доказательства, а они были в сейфах

Irregular Plurals • • Child – children Man – men Woman – women Person - people Foot – feet Tooth – teeth Goose – geese • • Fish – fish Sheep – sheep Deer – deer Aircraft - aircraft Mouse – mice Louse - lice Ox – oxen

S in both: the singular and plural • • Crossroads – crossroads Means – means Series – series Species - species

Some singular nouns ending in “S” take only a singular verb • • • Athletics is…. . , gymnastics is……, maths is……, News is……. , Physics is…… Maths is my best subject.

Some nouns are always plural take only a plural verb • • Clothes are…. Belongings are…. Goods are…… Surroundings are…. . Her clothes are always fashionable.

Things made of two similar parts take only a plural verb • Glasses, jeans, scissors, shorts, tights, trousers These trousers are a bit tight. • To refer to a single item, use “a pair of…” A pair of jeans is…. .

A group of people either plural or singular verb • Army, audience, class, family, government group, public, staff, team My family live in Moscow. or My family lives in Moscow.

Singular or plural? • • Advice is. . . (совет/советы) Information is…. Knowledge is…(знания) Progress is … Money is …(деньги) Hair is …(волосы) Fruit is …(фрукты) • • Clothes are… (одежда) Trousers are…(брюки) Scissors are…(ножницы) Glasses are…(очки)

Nouns Countable A child – children A cat - cats A mouse - mice A bus - buses a sandwich – sandwiches a dog - dogs a house - houses a radio - radios Uncountable Food: Butter – some butter Bread – some bread, Meat, cheese, water, tea, milk Lemonade, chocolate, salt Material: paper, wood, silver Abstract Nouns: peace, anger, love, war Many others: money, snow, Soap, furniture, petrol, oil, Information, news etc.

We can count some uncountable nouns by using a countable noun + of: • A bottle of milk, a glass of water, a jug of milk, a cup of tea, a packet of tea, a jar of honey, a loaf of bread, a slice of bread, a carton of milk, a can of Coke, a bottle of Coke, a bowl of sugar, a kilo of meat, a lump of sugar, • a bar of soap, a bar of chocolate, • a piece of cheese, a piece of furniture, a piece of chocolate etc. A piece of……… • Advice, information, luggage, music, news, paper….