Pleural Lung Anatomy 12122021 1 The Pleural Cavity

The Pleural Cavity is the Potent-ial Space between the two Pleurae (Serous Membranes): 1

The pleural cavity contains a small amount of Pleural Fluid (few milliliters in a

If fluid accumulates it takes the inflamed membranes apart, thus friction sounds disappear, the

Those in the median plane & those on each side closely related to the

2. Near the midline Posteriorly: Trachea & Esophagus, with the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves. Anterior

II. On each side: The Pleural Upper Part & the Lung Apex occupy the

The Internal Thoracic Artery enters the thorax between pleura and first costal cartilage. III.

IV. On the Left: The Left Common Carotid & Subclavian Arteries leave thorax between

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Pleural & Lung Anatomy 12/12/2021 1

The Pleural Cavity is the Potent-ial Space between the two Pleurae (Serous Membranes): 1 - Visceral Layer: Covering the Lungs & Surrounding its Root 2 - Parietal Layer: Lining the Thoracic Wall. 12/12/2021 2

The pleural cavity contains a small amount of Pleural Fluid (few milliliters in a normal human). Normally visceral pleura glides on the parietal pleura Without Friction Sound or Pain, but When inflamed pleurae are in action, Friction Sounds can be auscultated usually with Pain. 12/12/2021 3

If fluid accumulates it takes the inflamed membranes apart, thus friction sounds disappear, the lung, gradually, with the heart & mediastinum are displaced towards the other side. The structures of the superior thoracic aperture (inlet) consist of Two Groups. 12/12/2021 4

Those in the median plane & those on each side closely related to the cervical parts of pleurae and lungs. 1. Near the midline: The lowest parts of the Sternohyoid Muscles enter the thorax, Thymic Vestiges and Inferior Thyroid Veins. 12/12/2021 5

2. Near the midline Posteriorly: Trachea & Esophagus, with the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves. Anterior to the vertebral column are the Prevertebral Longus Colli Muscles. 12/12/2021 6

II. On each side: The Pleural Upper Part & the Lung Apex occupy the superior aperture. Between the Pleura & First Rib Neck are Sympathetic Trunk, Superior Intercostal Artery & Ventral Ramus of First Thoracic Nerve. 12/12/2021 7

The Internal Thoracic Artery enters the thorax between pleura and first costal cartilage. III. On the Right: The Brachiocephalic Artery leaves the thorax between the Trachea & Pleura. Vagus Nerve is between Pleura & Brachiocephalic Artery at the Superior Aperture 12/12/2021 8

IV. On the Left: The Left Common Carotid & Subclavian Arteries leave thorax between Pleura & Trachea. The Left Phrenic Nerve crosses the internal thoracic artery at a higher level, because it is between the left brachiocephalic vein & common carotid arteries. 12/12/2021 9

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