Pleura v v Closed serous sac lined by
Pleura v v Closed serous sac, lined by mesothelium Invaginated by lungs Parietal pleura Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity n Potential space between the two layers n n Contains pleural fluid Allows the lungs to glide freely
Visceral Pleura n n Adherent to the surfaces and fissures of the lungs Continuous with the parietal pleura at the hilum & pulmonary ligament Parietal Pleura n n Lines the q Thoracic wall q Mediastinum q Diaphragm Can be separated from the surface
Parietal pleura n Costal pleura n Diaphragmatic pleura n Mediastinal pleura n Cervical pleura
Cervical pleura n n Covers the apex of the lung Exetrnally - Suprapleural membrane
Costal pleura v lines the inner surface of thoracic wall v Endothoracic fascia
Mediastinal pleura Lines the corresponding surfaces of mediastinum
Pulmonary ligament n Mediastinal pleura forms fold beyond the root of the lung n Contains loose areolar tissue, lymphatics n Provide dead space for pulmonary veins during increased venous return
Diaphragmatic pleura q Lines the superior aspect of diaphragm
Pleural recesses n Potential spaces between two parts of parietal pleura n Acts as a reserve spaces for the lungs n Two recesses on each side q Costomediastinal recess q Costodiaphragmatic recess
Costomediastinal recess n n n Present between the costal and mediastinal pleurae Lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages Obvious in the region of cardiac notch of the left lung
Costodiaphragmatic recess n Lies inferiorly between the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae n Vertically it measures 5 cm n Most dependent part
Surface marking of the pleura n Anterior margin Costo-mediastinal line of reflection
n Posterior margin
n Inferior margin Costo–diaphragmatic line of reflection
Nerve supply n n Parietal pleura Somatic nerves Visceral pleura Autonomic nerves Intercostal nerves
Blood supply Arterial supply n Intercostal arteries n Internal thoracic artery n Musculo phrenic artery Venous drainage v Azygos vein v Internal thoracic vein
Development
Applied aspects
Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura
Pleural effusion
Hemo thorax Collection of blood
Chylothorax and Empyema Presence of lymph and pus in the pleural cavity respectively
Paracentesis thoracis
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