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Dopamine HO HO NH 2 The Natural Magic By / Mahmoud Elsalamouny

What Is “ Dopamine” ? Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which is a chemical Receptor Released from a nerve to the next nerve to send the signal directly from the body parts to the brain and vice versa Monoamine Substituted Phenethylamine Dihidroxyphenylalanine DOPA

Synapse Greek“To Fasten Together” Sending Neuron presynaptic End feet Post-Synaptic Receiving neuron Synaptic Vesicle Synaptic Cleft Chemical Synapse In Vertebrates Electric Synapse Invertebrates & Retina of eye

Synapse Types Axoaxonic Axodendritic Dendrodendritic Axosomatic Calcium Control the releasing of neurotransmitters The amount of Calcium equal the amount of neurotransmitters released at the synaptic Cleft

Biosynthesis of Dopamine OH O OH NH 2 O NH 2 Hydroxylation OH Tyrosine NH 2 decarboxylation HO OH L-Dopa HO OH Dopamine

Releasing Centers Of Dopamine 3 basic Centers : 1 - Ventral Tegmentum Area Reward “Plessure”Center Mesencephalon 2 -Linbic Center 3 -Substantia Negra Center

Effect of Dopamine 1 - in mesolinbic Center When Dopamine Highly Effect “Hyper Dopamenergic activity” : 1 - Schizophrenia +ve signs 1 -halousination (audio, Vision) 2 -unacceptable actions 3 -incorrelate Speech -ve signs 1 -unconsious 2 -Flat motion

Effect of Dopamine 2 - in ventral Tegmental area Reward Center project to numerous areas of the brain , from the prefrontal cortex PFC to the caudal brain stem and several region in between When Dopamine Highly Effect “Hyper Dopamenergic activity” : - Happiness

Effect of Dopamine 3 - in Substantia negra (midbrain) Depletion of Dopamine neurons and midbrain lead to : Effect the motor function of brain Symptom : - idiopathic Frozen shoulders

Decreasing of Dopamine Releasing: Inhibit prolactine Secretion In Females Lead to Irregular menstruation cycle Called Prolactinoma In that case we changes Dopamine by its precursor L-Dopa and Use Promotrepten have the same effect of Dopamine. Less polar Cause “Prolactinoma” So, Lead to Decreasing in Spermatogenesis In Males

So, We Can Say Dopamine Is the Natural Magic

Bye Friends

References 1 - Principles of behavioral Neuroscience , by/ Jackson Beatty, university of California – los angles, 2001 2 - Catecholamines , Bridging basic science with clinical Medicine By/ David Goldstein , Richard Mc. Carty , Graeme Eisenhoffer Academic press 1998 3 - En. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dopamine 4 - En. wikipedia. org/wiki/VTA Thanks to Dr. prof. Ahmad Raafat bassiouny Dr. prof. of Biochemistry, faculty of science. AU