Please grab a white board eraser and marker

Please grab a white board, eraser and marker Nucleic Acid Review

What does DNA stand for?

2 1 4 3 Name each scientist and state their role in discovery of DNA structure.

NATURE OF SCIENCE Politically Driven n o i t i et Co mp o b a l l o C NOT Politically Driven n o i t ra

Which scientists won the Nobel Prize for discovery of DNA structure?

Draw the basic shape of a: Deoxyribose Sugar

Draw the basic shape of a: Phosphate Group

Draw the basic shape of a: Pyrimidine List three pyrimidine bases

Draw the basic shape of a: Purine List two purine bases

Draw a Nucleotide (take up the whole board, use basic shapes and label all 3 parts)

Number the carbons on the deoxyribose sugar

Decide in your group who will be: A, T, C, and G Modify the shape of your base to reflect the number of rings

Connect your nucleotide to someone who has a complementary base

Just Discuss, don’t erase your nucleotide: What type of bond connects these two bases together?

Draw in the correct number of H-Bonds between your two nucleotides.

Now break the bond between your bases.

Connect the phosphate of your nucleotide to the sugar of another nucleotide. Which carbons atoms of the sugar are involved in the bonding?

Just Discuss, don’t erase your nucleotide: What type of reaction occurs between the sugar and phosphate to connect them?

Just Discuss, don’t erase your nucleotide: What type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate? How would you show this type of bond?

What type of bond connects the sugar and phosphate? Covalent

Just Discuss, don’t erase your nucleotide: Between what #’d carbons are you forming this covalent bond?

Between carbon 5’ and carbon 3’

Have everyone in your group connect their nucleotides together to make 1 strand of DNA

Take your boards to another group, and place your group’s nucleotides so that they run antiparallel to the other group’s. Make correct H-Bonds between the bases.

Notice the numbering on the carbons. One group should have carbon #5 on top and carbon #3 on bottom. The other group should have carbon #3 on top and carbon #5 on bottom.

This is what we refer to as: 5’ to 3’ or 3’ to 5’

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering 8. Hydrogen bond 9. Covalent bond 10. Adenine 11. Thymine 12. Guanine 13. Cytosine 14. Nucleotide

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end Five is the phosphate end 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Video clip: What do we mean when we talk about the 3’ and 5’ ends of DNA? 3’ end Three rhymes with “de”oxyribose 3’ end d 5 n ’e

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Phosphate Include the P and the 4 O Deoxyribose Include the kink for carbon 5 but NOT the O of the phosphate group

Pyrimidine DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Any “single-ring” nitrogenous base 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Cytosine and Thymine are both Pyrimidines Purine Any “two-ring” nitrogenous base

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Covalent Bond: • Solid line • Connects base to sugar • Connects phosphate to sugar 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Hydrogen Bond: • Dotted line • Connects base to base

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Thymine Adenine The “double-ring” nitrogenous base that can make 2 H-bonds 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide The “single-ring” nitrogenous base that can make 2 H-bonds

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Guanine Cytosine The “single-ring” nitrogenous base that can make 3 H-bonds The “double-ring” nitrogenous base that can make 3 H-bonds

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide One phosphate, sugar and base combination

DNA Structure Be able to label the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 5’ end 3’ end Phosphate (circled) Deoxyribose (circled) Purine Pyrimidine Deoxyribose carbon numbering Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine Nucleotide Here’s a blank diagram for you to practice your labeling!