Platformbased Design 5 KK 70 TUe 2008 Henk

Platform-based Design 5 KK 70 TU/e 2008 Henk Corporaal Bart Mesman Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman

Embedded Systems Courses • We go through all the design steps of a complete multi-processor embedded system – (containing hardware and software) • Discuss many design trade-offs • 4 connected courses: – Systems on Silicon: 5 kk 60 – Platform-based Design: 5 kk 10 – Multiprocessors: 5 kk 80 – Embedded System Laboratory: 5 kk 33 (lab course) 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 2

Processor Architectures and Program Mapping Objectives: • Study the processing components of future multiprocessor platforms, ranging from – highly flexible processors, to – highly computational-efficient processors • Learn how to map applications to these components • Learn how to exploit the (data) memory hierarchy 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 3

Processor design spectrum DSP Programmable CPU Programmable DSP Application specific instruction set processor (ASIP) Application specific processor flexibility efficiency 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 4

Processor design spectrum efficiency high ASIC medium ASIP DSP low GP proc FPGA low 5/21/2021 medium high Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman flexibility 5

ICE of silicon [Roza] Computational efficiency 106 [MOPS/W] 105 3 DTV Intrinsic computational efficiency Query by humming 104 103 7400 102 101 100 5/21/2021 601 microsparc i 386 SX 604 i 486 DX P 5 Super sparc 68040 2 1 Turbosparc 604 e 21364 21164 a Ultra P 6 sparc 0. 5 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping 0. 13 0. 25 Feature size [ m] H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 0. 07 6

Topics (1) • • 5/21/2021 Basic RISC principles: MIPS example DSP processors VLIW architectures SIMD architectures ASIPs MIMD architectures No. C and MPSo. C Compiling code for ILP architectures Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 7

Topics (2) • RTOS • Wireless Sensor Networks – Smart Camera (Networks) • Data Memory Management techniques – Loop transformations • Student presentations (2 x) – based on studied articles 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 8

Lab exercises 1. Exploration: • Programming and Exploration using the Imagine or Si. Hive architecture 2. Programming a real MP platform: • • • CELL, GPU or IC 3 D (with Xetal SIMD) platform 3. Program transformations: • • 5/21/2021 Optimizing the memory behavior of your program to achieve extreme low power Applying loop transformations Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 9

Exam and Grading • Exam is oral • Labexercises can be largely done at home • Grading is 40 % theory + 50 % assignments + 10% student presentation • • 5/21/2021 Material: Website http: //www. es. ele. tue. nl/~heco/courses/Platform. Design Slides and Handouts Lab material (largely online) Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 10

Embedded System Architectures on Silicon TIVO Application oriented smart devices • adaptable, flexible • real-time DSP 1 cm 2 1 V 1 W 10 Euro … implemented in silicon not a Pentium but a domain specific and programmable ES 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 11

Embedded System Architect Applications (DSP) algorithms C/C++, Java Matlab, SDL, . . . Embedded System Architect low power analog, robustness/dfm VHDL, Verilog 5/21/2021 • is reponsible for a strategic interaction between the different disciplines • has a basic knowledge of the different disciplines • is a generalist, not a specialist Processor Architectures and Program Mapping Challenge: permanently confronted with new domains H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 12

What is a system ? What is system level design ? • Can an IC be a system? • Or is the PCB that uses the IC the real system ? • IC => PCB => rack => system • There is always a larger system surrounding the current one. This is often seen as “the real system”. So nobody is doing system level design ? • It’s hard to define unless we can find an underlying common characteristic. • A system is something complex. 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 13

Complexity [De. Man] Complexity depends on • the number of different component types (not number of components) • different types of interactions • lack of structure in the interactions Complex simple Complexity is different for the architect and for the IC technologist 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 14

What is a system ? [Rechtin] • A system is a complex set of heterogeneous elements that all together form an organic whole. • The whole is more than the sum of the parts. The system has properties beyond those of the parts. The added value comes from the interaction between the parts. Ex. CD player = electronics + optics + mechanics 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 15

Conclusion: type of signal and control processing is different 2 schools: • build implementation hardware which can execute both e. g. general purpose processor • separation on 2 different parts e. g. processing of events in software (ARM, MIPS, etc…) processing of signals more hardware oriented 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 16

Example: CD system Servo index Decoder A/D Motor A/D D/A 4 laser diodes loudspeakers External world 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 17

Embedded electronic systems This is explained in the following slides by comparing the introduction of embedded systems with the introduction of the electric motor in the 19 th century. 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 18

Phase 1: the electric factory - One central large electric motor - Power was distributed to the workplaces via axes and belts 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 19

Phase 2: the home electric motor - Every home got its private electric motor - A whole suite of appliances could be plugged into this single motor 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 20

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Phase 3: ubiquitous electric motor - The electric motor is embedded in the appliance - You often are not aware of the fact that it contains an electric motor (e. g. 60 electric motors in a modern high end car) 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 22

Phase 1: the computing factory - One central large mainframe computer - Compute power was distributed to the workplace terminals via 9600 bps telephone wires 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 23

Phase 2: the personal computer at home - Every home got its private computer - A whole suite of add-ons can be plugged into this single computer 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 24

Phase 3: embedded systems - The micro-controller is embedded in the appliance - You often are not aware of the fact that it contains a micro-controller (e. g. 70 micro-controllers in a modern high end car: engine control, ABS, airbag, airco, interior illumination, central lock, alarm, radio, . . . ) 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 25

Ambient Intelligence, the concept • An environment that is sensitive, adaptive and responsive to the presence of people or objects • An environment where technology is embedded, hidden in the background • An environment that will preserve security, privacy and trustworthiness while utilizing information when needed and appropriate. People to the foreground, technology to the background • Ubiquitous communications • Distributed computing • Intelligent interfaces 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman [Boekhorst] 26

[De. Man] 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 27

Comparison embedded system purpose-built and programmable appliance oriented smart devices multiple hw/sw platforms real-time constraint system adapts to the environment high reliability (no reset button) user friendly deeply embedded software running on limited resources PC general purpose Who “Computes”, anyway ? Single hardware platform ASAP (as soon as possible) env. adapts to the system (wait) lower reliability difficult to use end-user software unlimited resources BUT: both use similar technology e. g. programmable cores, RTOS (e. g. Win-CE) 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 28

Embedded Systems: Characteristics • safety critical • reactive systems: fast reaction on critical control events • portable: weight, power dissipation • mobile: network protocols, power dissipation • consumer systems: cost, reliability, user friendly interface • professional systems: availability, reliability, remote analysis and diagnosis, redundancy • multimedia = text, graphics, speech, audio, images and video • internet oriented embedded systems 5/21/2021 Processor Architectures and Program Mapping H. Corporaal and B. Mesman 29