Plate Tectonics Transform and Hot Spot Topic Transform

Plate Tectonics Transform and Hot Spot

Topic: Transform & Hot Spots Essential Question: ¨ What makes transform boundaries different than other boundaries?

Lithosphere (crust + upper mantle) Continental lithosphere -thick, keeps heat in -always low density -brittle, but more squishy Ocean lithosphere -thin, not as good at keeping heat in -dense when cold and old -even denser than asthenosphere when old

The Plates: Brittle land mass that moves as a unit

Types of Plate Motion l Toward l Away l Side to side TRANSFORM CONVERGENT DIVERGENT

The third plate boundary: Transform l l Transform – say it 3 times! Definition: Place where two or more lithospheric plates slide past each other l Simply: plates move side to side l What is a transformer? l Trans=across form=form, transform=form across, move form around

Transform boundary Predict what will happen!

Did you predict this?

Transform boundary features l Also called strike slip l Small to medium, but plenty of, earthquakes l NO volcanos! l NO mountain building, just shifting!

How do you find them? Offset features

Where?

What about Hawai’i?

Hawai’i

Hot Spots l l l Hot Spot: Zone of rising magma from deep within the earth, usually NOT related to plate tectonics or plate movement Magma rises in stationary mantle plume Only exception to tectonic involvement: Many hot spots help start rifts! l Mostly volcano activity, mild earthquakes too l Famous examples: Hawai'i and Yellowstone

Hot spot diagram Hot Spots leaves a 'trail' of eruptions as the plate moves. . . the hot spot does NOT move, the plate above moves! It stays in one place, always.

World hot spots

Hawai'i: Only one volcano active at a time!

C 4 U Why is the big island of Hawai’i bigger than the other islands like Maui and O’ahu?

Hawaiian-Emperor chain: Plate moves in the direction of older volcanos 80* 40*

Yellowstone

Hot Spot v. Island Arc • One active volcano • Many active volcanos • Age trend (old to young) • All the same age, all erupt consistently

Can you spot collisions? World's Earthquakes Can you spot subduction?

World's Earthquakes Broadest zones of earthquakes from collisions Biggest, deepest earthquakes from subduction

Can you spot volcanic & island arcs? World's Volcanos Can you find hot spot volcanos?

Volcanic & island arcs very common World's Volcanos Hot spot volcanos also common