Plasmodium falciparum 0 verview Malaria n Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum

0 verview Malaria n Plasmodium falciparum biology n toxins n Vaccines n Mosquitoes n

What is Plasmodium falciparum? n n Protozoa Malaria http: //www. traveldoctor. info/diseases/1. html

Impact n n n 300 million acute illness 100 million deaths A child in Africa dies every 30 seconds http: //mosquito. who. int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/372/RBMInfosheet_1. htm

Most vulnerable population http: //www. lakareutangranser. se/default. asp? mall=1&Artikel. ID=165&Urv. Kat=43&Kategori=

Symptoms of infection n n Characteristic fever 2 -3 day cycle cold stage hot stage sweating stage Anemia Renal failure Seizures coma

Diagnosis n n Symptoms Microscopy PCR ELISA http: //mosquito. who. int/docs/hbsm_diagnosis. htm

Treatment n n Chloroquine most common and effective drug used to treat malaria Causes nausea, blurred vision, and in some cases neurological dysfunction and seizures http: //www. globalphar. com/chl_pic. php

Roll Back Malaria Insecticide treated nets n Indoor residual spraying n Intermittent preventatives n Prompt treatment n http: //www. rbm. who. int/cgi-bin/rbmportal/custom/rbm/home. do

Mosquitofish http: //www. clevelandaquariumsociety. org/mosquitofish. jpg

Life cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum http: //post. queensu. ca/~forsdyke/pfalcip 01. htm

Sporozoits in the liver n n n Pores Kupffer cells Reproduction http: //k 12 education. uams. edu/scvlab/history. htm

Sporozoits in the blood http: //astuasbalas. blogspot. com/2004_02_01_astuasbalas_archive. html

Gametocyte development n Sexual commitment n Sequestered in bones n Resistance to quinine n Longevity “Female” gametocyte http: //www. bepast. org/dataman. pl? c=lib&dir=docs/photos/malaria

Gametocyte Infectivity n Temp drop n Red blood cells lysed n Xanthurenic acid and exflagellation n eye color http: //lozere. org/perso/malaria/parasit. htm

Gametogenisis n Rapid morphological changes “male” gametocyte http: //www. ksu. edu/parasitology/625 tutorials/Plasmodium 01. html

Ookinets n n 2 divisions Anatomy of a mosquito midgut http: //www. bc. edu/schools/cas/biology/news/encounter/

Oocysts n Sporozoit budding n Number of sporozoits per oocyst http: //www. biosci. ohio-state. edu/~parasite/plasmodium. html

Sporozoits n Migration http: //www. malarlife. dfl. org. za/malaria%20 virus%20 photos. htm

Mosquito bites person… http: //post. queensu. ca/~forsdyke/pfalcip 01. htm

Pathogenicity http: //www. nmm. ac. uk/server/show/con. Media. File. 5757/output. Register/lowhtml

Toxins n Resistance n Hemozin n TNF-alpha IL-1 and IFN-gamma http: //www. wordsources. info/words-mod-malaria. html

Tumor Necrosis factor http: //www. farm. kuleuven. ac. be/anafar/lab/protein/tnf. htm

Toxicity and pathogenicity Proteins and cell membranes

Rosetting Five receptors n Immune system evasion? n

Antigenic Variation n Opportunities abound http: //www. lovetoparty. co. nz/images/SURPRISE. jpg

Crossover http: //www. stanford. edu/group/Urchin/GIFS/crossover. jpg

Var Family http: //www. niaid. nih. gov/dir/labs/lmvr/mgs. htm

Research About Malaria

PO phosphoriboprotein http: //www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/articlerender. fcgi? tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15322057

Vaccines n New treatment n Acquired immunity n challenges http: //web. uct. ac. za/depts/mmi/jmoodie/vacc 2. html

Prevention of Liver stage infection http: //www. med. nyu. edu/parasitology/faculty/ufrevert. html

Vaccinating mosquitoes http: //www. bigthings. ca/manitoba/pictures/1 mos 1. jpg

Paratransgenesis http: //www. mbl. edu/Astrobiology/Riley/image/E. col i. gif http: //www. invivo. fiocruz. br/celula/imagens/bacillus. jpg

Engineering mosquitoes n 3 stages Ag. Aper promoter vitellogenin promoter salvitory promoters http: //jeb. biologists. org/cgi/content/full/206/21/3809/FIG 2

Other ways to reduce infection http: //www. wmconnolley. org. uk/bees/ http: //k 12 education. uams. edu/scvlab/history. htm

Future challenges n n Funding Research Distribution Funding

Conclusion n "I have not failed. I've just found 10, 000 ways that won't work. " Thomas Alva Edison

Sources n See notes section for a list of references arranged by slide number.