PLASMA AND BOSEEINSTEIN CONDENSATE THE MAIN STATES OF
PLASMA AND BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
THE MAIN STATES OF MATTER Solid Liquid Gases Plasma ● Bose-Einstein Condensate
Solids: A solid is a state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable.
Liquids: The particles in a liquid are free to flow, so while a liquid has a definite volume, it does not have a definite shape. Liquids consist of atoms or molecules that are connected by intermolecular bonds.
Gases: A Gas is defined as a state of matter consisting of particles that have neither a defined volum nor defined shape.
Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensate:
Discoverers of Plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate PLASMA
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
A DEEPER LOOK ON TO PLASMA https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=zqz. Wfgu. Yj 1 c
A DEEPER LOOK INTO BEC ● https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n. AGPAb 4 obs 8 ● https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vv_ED 4 F 1 t. Ak&t=4 s
Sequence of states of matter based on temperature required for their existence
Characteristics of Plasma In most plasmas, protons and electrons occur in equal numbers, makin it electrically neutral; however, because they flow freely, plasmas a affected by electric and magnetic fields in ways not seen in other forms of matter. These fields can influence plasmas over great distances, pinching, warping and shaping them, as in the great, twisting flares seen on the surface of the Sun.
What are PROTONS AND ELECTRONS Atoms are made of extremely tiny particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the center of the atom, making up th nucleus. Electrons surround the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge.
Characteristics of Bose. Einstein Condensate It can have a very high gradient in optical density. Its large fraction of particles occupy the same, namely the lowest energy state. Another important property is called coherence. Also, quantum mechanical tunneling. It means that a small fraction of the Condensate tunnels through this barrier.
Quantum Mechanic Tunneling https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=U 768 e. Te 9 vmk
Examples of PLASMA
Examples of Bose-Einstein Condensate 2 Examples are 1) Superconductors 2) Superfluids
More on Plasma
More on Bose Einstein Condensate
Some Questions Being Answered (PLASMA)
Q 1 -Do plasma has a definite shape and volume? Like gases, plasma do not have a definite volume or shape. It takes the shape and volume of the container.
Q 2 - Does particles in Plasma spread out like in Gas? No, Plasma is actually an ionized gas, which is a mixture of electrons, neutral molecules, positively and negatively charged ions. As we all know that oppositely charged objects one another, these negatively and positively charged ions attract opposite charges thus not allowing plasma to spread out.
Q 3 - What are Ions An ion is defined as an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more of its valence electrons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.
Q-4 Which is the temperature i which plasma can exist? Plasma needs about 55000 K to exist.
Q 5 - Can the process of formation of the plasma reversed? Yes, gases can be obtained by cooling plasma.
Q 6 - Which state of matter is most common in the universe? Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. 99. 9% of a visible matters in the universe is made of plasma.
Q 7 - What is PLASMA BALL https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=2 szqjg. Tv. YGg
Some Questions Being Answered {Bose-Einstein Condensate(BEC)}
Q 1 - What temperature is necessary to have BEC? Absolute Zero
Q 2 -Is it possible to create BEC? To make a Bose-Einstein Condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy awa from the atoms
Q 3 -How was BEC discovered? The first "pure" Bose–Einstein condensate was created by Eric Cornell Carl Wieman, and co-workers at JILA on 5 June 1995. . Ketterle's condensate had a hundred times more atoms, allowing important results such as the observation of quantum mechanical interference between two different condensates.
Q 4 - Is the BEC ever successfully created in Earth? The first atomic BEC was made only in 1995, when Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman of JILA, a research institution jointly operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado at Boulder
Q 5 - Is the BEC created in spac For six minutes, 150 miles above Kiruna, Sweden on January 23, 2017 fl the coldest known spot in the universe. As far as we know, the coldest anything in nature can be is absolute zero on the Kelvin scale, which is 459. 67°F and – 273. 15°C. This postage-stamp-sized atom chip packed with thousands of rubidium-87 atoms was just a few billionths of a deg warmer than that. The atom chip was up there in low orbit to help a tea scientist study up-close some of the oddest, least-understood stuff ther Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
More about the Creation of BEC in the space! This was actually done by NASA. It is given the name COLD ATOM LAB (CAL) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=VG KNWTOPsr 4
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