Plants Understanding Energy Transformations Plant Characteristics What are

Plants Understanding Energy Transformations

Plant Characteristics • What are the characteristics of a plant? • Eukaryotic cells • Multicellular • Have cell wall made of cellulose • Autotrophic • Reproduce sexually or asexually

Plant Tissues • What are the traits of non-vascular plants? • They do NOT have special tissues that carry water or nutrients through the plant • They are very small • Use osmosis to take in water & nutrients • Live in shady moist places

Plant Tissues • What are traits of vascular plants • Contains special tissues called xylem and phloem that carry water and nutrients • They are large plants • Some have flowers (angiosperms), some don’t (gymnosperms)

Plant Tissues • What is xylem? • Hollow tubes that carry water up from roots • What is phloem? • Hollow tubes that carry sugar down from the leaves

Plant Parts • What are the main parts • Roots of a plant? • Stems • Leaves • What are the functions • Absorb water and of the roots? nutrients for the plants • Hold the plant to the ground • Store extra food for the plant

Plant Parts • What are the functions of stem? • What are the functions of the leaves? • Supports the plant • Carries nutrients, glucose, and water • Gets leaves closer to the sun • PHOTOSYNTHESIS!! • Transpiration • Gas exchange

Plant Parts • What is transpiration? • The loss of H 2 O and CO 2 through stomata in leaf • What is a stoma (stomata)? • Opening on the underside of a leaf that allow CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 to enter and leave the leaf

stoma Guard cell

Plant Parts • How do plants exchange gases? • Diffusion of CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 into and out of stomata

Plant Parts • What are the parts of a leaf? • Cuticle-waxy covering on the top of the leaf that helps it retain water • Epidermis-the skin of the leaf; blocks pathogens (disease causing stuff) • Mesophyll-cells where photosynthesis occurs • Vascular tissue-xylem and phloem

Plant Reproduction • What is the function of • To make more plants a flower? • What are the male parts • Stamen - entire of a flower? structure Pollen - part of flower that contains sperm cells Anther - part of the stamen that makes pollen Filament - long stalk that holds up the anther

Plant Reproduction • What are the female parts of a flower? • Pistil – entire structure Stigma- sticky tip of the pistil where the pollen attaches Style- long tube connecting the stigma to the ovary; sperm travel down this tube Ovary- swollen part at the bottom of the pistil that contains the ovules Ovules- eggs

Plant Reproduction • What are the accessory parts of a flower? • Not male or female Petals- attract insects for pollination Sepal- protects the flower while it’s developing Receptacle- bottom of the flower that holds all the parts together

Plant Reproduction • Define pollination • Transfer of sperm from the anther to the stigma • Define fertilization • The uniting of sperm and egg • A fertilized plant ovary • Helps plant spread seeds farther • What is a fruit? • Function of a fruit?

Plant Responses • How do hormones help plants respond to the environment? • What are auxins? • Hormones control – Patterns of growth – Responses to environment • Plant hormones that control – Tropisms – Branching

Tropisms (turning) • What is phototropism? • The tendency of a plant to bend toward a light source

Tropisms (turning) • What is gravitropism? • The response of a plant to the force of gravity – Stems grow up – Roots grow down

Tropisms (turning) • What is thigmotropism • The response of a plant to touch – Vines curl around a trellis – Venus Fly Trap